马来亚独立前当地华族的民族认同之研究

近代西方以建立民族国家（nation-state）为核心价值的民族主义（nationalism）概念,随着西方殖民势力的扩展逐渐为许多人所接受。然而,移居英属马来亚的华族,其归属感经由县邑、方言群发展至涵盖整个中华民族的民族认同时,却发展出具有双重、多重、多样而又具弹性的性质,而非近代西方所强调对单一主权国家作排他性政治认同的民族主义。     

论民族法律文化视角下“法律多元”的含义与现状

在民族法律文化及少数民族习惯法研究者的学术话语当中,“法律多元”是一个常用的词汇,它通常被用以描述各族习惯法与国家法多元并存的法律现实状况。值得注意的是,“法律多元”本身并不是一个具有统一和明确含义的概念,在当代中国国家法制统一的背景之下,对“法律多元”的使用尤需慎重。当借助“法律多元”的理论对多重法律体系的状况进行描述时,应当根据特定的语境和视角,对“多元”的含义加以必要的说明。立足于少数民族法律文化研究的视角,语境化地对我国“法律多元”的含义以及现实状况进行描述和分析时,亦应如此。     

Mononationals,hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals: multiple citizenship as practice

Multiple citizenship has in recent decades moved from an unwanted phenomenon in international relations to a fairly common transnational status. Multiple citizenship has nevertheless so far been studied mainly as a political and juridical status by comparing national legislations. Much less notice has been given to actual dual citizens' citizen participation and construction of citizens' identities. Only when citizenship is studied as these kinds of practices do the hypothetic possibilities and problems associated with the status get their meanings and contents. This paper concentrates on examining dual citizens' identifications to their respective citizenships and how these affiliations transfer into possible citizen participation. Results are based on extensive analysis of survey (n = 335) and interviews (n = 48) carried out among dual citizens living in Finland. Contents and forms of dual citizens' national identification and citizen participation were reviewed through ideal types: resident-mononationals, expatriate-mononationals, hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals.     

民族精神道德文化课——俄罗斯德育新探索

近年来,道德教育在俄罗斯教育中的地位日益彰显。目前正在进行试验教学的俄罗斯民族精神道德文化课令人瞩目。该课程主要由俄罗斯传统宗教文化组成,是俄罗斯学校德育教育的重要尝试,充分体现了现代俄罗斯教育要依托本民族精神文化、弘扬民族传统价值的重要思想,对于培养和发展中学生的精神道德具有积极、重要的意义。该课程在实践教学中也面临着一些现实问题的考验。     

The Birth of Cultural Autonomy in Estonia: How,Why, and for Whom?

The 1925 law on cultural autonomy of minorities guaranteed Estonia's most significant minorities the right to independently decide how they wanted to arrange their own national-cultural matters. In this article I will focus on why Estonia decided to pass a law that was exceptional in the atmosphere of that time. To find an answer, it is necessary also to analyze how (through what process) the law was shaped and for whom the law was ultimately intended. In summary, it can be said that there were about ten factors, which were different, yet interconnected and similar in their impact, and only together did they provide sufficient impetus to make it possible to approve autonomy.     

Small- and Medium-Sized Businesses’ Growth Expectations and Financial Performance in Latvia: Does Ethnicity Matter?

Applying regulatory focus theory, this paper investigates the impact of both ‘initial confidence’ and ‘exactness of growth expectations’ on the financial performance of small and medium-sized firms in Latvia. Drawing on a data set based on repeated survey design, we explore the complexity of this relationship empirically. Our overall findings suggest that when controlling for other relevant factors, such as actual growth, entrepreneurs having higher growth expectations perform significantly better in terms of profitability. In addition, education has a strong modifying effect. The impact of high growth expectations on subsequent profit performance is stronger for entrepreneurs with a lower level of education. Moreover, these effects are amplified by ethnicity. They are much stronger for ethnic Russian entrepreneurs compared with ethnic Latvian entrepreneurs.     

Beyond polarity in Zanzibar? The ‘silent’ referendum and the government of national unity

On 31 July 2010 the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar held a referendum to decide on the government of national unity so as to end the impasse between the two main political camps, each dominating one of the two islands of Unguja and Pemba. The outcome of the referendum was that the majority of Zanzibaris voted in favour of the government of national unity. This article revisits how the referendum was carried out in terms of observing the basic principles of a democratic referendum and whether the referendum would be a panacea for the polarisation between the two islands. The main argument held here is that the referendum fell short of observing some of the basic principles of a democratic referendum since it systematically suppressed the voices of those who opted for a ‘No’ vote. Besides this, the government of national unity created after the referendum was in essence the unity of the two major political parties, namely the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF). Relatedly, some of the fundamental issues causing polarisation are yet to be tackled, a situation which, if not addressed in time, would make this polarity a likely facet of Zanzibar's future politics.     

比例原则视角下的社会管理创新

比例原则不仅是行政法的"皇冠原则",而且是社会管理和国家治理的基本原则。该原则要求政府在社会管理中应当注意管理手段与管理目的之间的适当性、必要性和相称性,不能欲治反乱,不能为了某一管理目标而付出极端高昂之成本,不能给人民加诸过重之负担。今天的比例原则已经为全球宪政主义提供了一个"共同的话语",惟有在社会管理和国家治理中尊重和落实该原则,公民权利才能得到有效保护,社会管理才能有条不紊,国家才能和谐稳定。     

少数民族参与一届政协全体会议机制研究

少数民族的参政权得到保障反映了少数民族在国家与政治生活中的地位.在现代宪政国家中,公民的宪法地位首先表现在政治权利主体地位的确定与具体行使权利的程度上.少数民族能否享有政治权利以及其实现程度反映了一个国家政权的性质,是衡量民主政治发展程度的重要标志.     

论普遍管辖原则与国家主权

普遍管辖原则产生于世界各国对海盗行为的惩治,随后体现在国际社会在自愿的基础上制定的国际公约或条约当中。普遍管辖原则在一定程度上维护了国家主权,但与国家主权之间存在冲突。普遍管辖原则的实施需要主权的配合。建立有限普遍性管辖,发挥国际刑事法院的补充管辖作用,可使普遍管辖原则与国家主权协调发展。