乡村社会的民间法与纠纷解决--来自河北保定冀北村“招墓角”家庭纠纷的调查

河北省保定市冀北村至今还保留着"招墓角"这一民间婚姻风俗。笔者通过对该村"招墓角"家庭纠纷的调查发现,从表象上看,人民调解成为了该村解决民间纠纷的主要方式,国家法似乎有了某种"失灵"的迹象。因此,必须客观认识民间法在乡村纠纷解决中的特殊地位及其与国家法之间的关系,二者虽然存在着结构性断裂,但也有着共同的逻辑基础。在当今文化多元化、纠纷多样化的乡村社会,应当构建适合乡村社会自身特点的以人民调解为基础的多元化纠纷解决机制。     

Child Welfare and the Courts

ABSTRACT

This exploratory study focuses on the relationships between professionals working in the juvenile dependency system, including judicial officers, attorneys, social workers, and court-appointed special advocates. It includes an examination of the quality of professional relationships, factors contributing to tensions, the consequences of difficult relationships, and strategies for improving relationships. It utilizes interviews and focus groups with professionals and focus groups with clients involved in the juvenile dependency system. The major findings address: (a) the nature and quality of professional relationships, (b) the structural and operational factors contributing to tension in those relationships, (c) client perceptions of professional relationships, and (d) respondent recommendations for improving professional relationships. This study is a contribution to the small but growing literature on the complexity of the interface between public child welfare services and the court system.     

Strategies for Empowering the Child Welfare Administrator Facing Class Action Litigation

ABSTRACT

Class action litigation is a current, or imminent, reality in many public child welfare agencies. Over the past three decades, advocates have increasingly used lawsuits to leverage reform in systems they viewed as ineffective in protecting and promoting the welfare of children. Too little guidance has been offered to administrators confronted with litigation. This paper proposes a set of strategies for administrators as they respond to actual or potential lawsuits. An overview of the litigation process is included, as well as a series of issues to be considered by the administrator and the consulting legal team when an agency or jurisdiction is anticipating or facing a suit.     

The factory and the welfare state: redundancy,benefits and workers’ organization at Alfa Romeo Arese, 1963-1986

ABSTRACT

The article tracks the relationship between the Italian welfare state and the social relations of production at a Fordist factory, showing how social policy influenced the pattern of workers’ contention on the industrial shop floor. Welfare state analysis has concentrated on the institutional aspect of social policy but neglected the role that state benefits played in industrial organization and workplace relations. The article ‘nests’ the analysis of social policy in a micro-history of the factory, using the case study of Arese – a plant owned by the carmaker Alfa Romeo – Milan, Italy. Tracking the history of Arese, the article shows how the Italian system of short-time work subsidies, the Cassa Integrazione Guadagni (CIG), served to quell industrial unrest and target unions’ organizational resources. From the late 1960s, the CIG was used by managers to suspend workers during strikes and acted as a deterrent against their mobilization. As redundancies increased during the 1980s, workers were put on short-time for prolonged periods and prevented from entering the factory. This degraded their professional identity and eroded their political ties with the workplace, curtailing the basis of unions’ organizational strength within the factory.     

社会工作视域下的社会管理创新

加强社会管理创新是新世纪党和政府提出的重要任务之一。在社会工作视域下加强社会管理创新研究具有很重要的意义,可以帮助我们在政府职能优化、管理科学化,在政治体制改革、中国特色社会主义管理体制建构、高校服务社会的功能发挥等理论问题上有更多的思考和认识。     

试论西部民族地区开发法制建设的基础

西部民族地区开发法制建设的基础关系到少数民族地区开发法的合理性和法律效力问题。民族区域自治是西部民族地区开发法制建设的体制基础;西部开发战略是西部民族地区开发法制建设的政策基础;宪法及相关法律的授权是西部民族地区开发法制建设的法律基础;良好的法律意识和法治观念是西部民族地区开发法制建设的意识基础。西部民族地区开发法制建设应当以这些基础为依据,大胆创新,全面构建开发法体系,促进民族地区社会经济的健康发展。     

国际私法性质的哲学分析

国际私法的性质,即其为国内法还是国际法,长期以来一直处于争论之中.这对国际私法的理论研究以及司法实践是不利的.哲学中的唯物辩证法作为认识世界的规律,同样可以用来分析国际私法.国际私法在当前主要是国内法,但将来随着科技及全球化的发展,也一定会演变为主要是国际法性质,并最终过渡到完全是国际法性质.     

西北民族地区法制现代化的障碍性因素分析

西北民族地区要在西部大开发中实现经济和社会的协调发展 ,必须实现法制现代化 ,但其法制现代化的历史进程面临政治、经济、文化、地理环境四大障碍性因素。西部大开发战略的实施 ,将有力地推动西北民族地区的法制现代化。     

联合国维持和平行动与后殖民国家建构(1980—2015年)

联合国是维和行动主要的组织者和实施者。冷战结束以来,西方主导的联合国维和的目标由维护和平逐渐转变为战后重建,并开始承担复杂的国家建构任务。一方面,维和给目标国带来了和平,维和人员的日常开支对目标国经济的恢复和发展作出了一定贡献。但是维和任务的速成性和维和经济造成的收入两极分化等因素,都对目标国的经济发展产生了消极影响。另一方面,维和人员的税收豁免权、维和人员与其他社会群体的收入差距以及由此导致的政府部门人才流失和腐败、平行行政部门的出现等都严重削弱了政府对社会的渗透和控制能力。不仅如此,维和人员税收豁免和收入两极分化显著地降低了民众的纳税意愿,使得逃税和抗税盛行,提高了征税难度。维和部队对于目标国政府军向民众单方面使用暴力采取的不干涉态度,也强化了社会抗税心理。所以,西方主导的联合国维和行动既缩小了目标国的税基,降低了官僚机构的效能,又打击了民众的纳税意愿,显著地降低了目标国的财政汲取能力。本文对1980—2015年126个后殖民国家的大样本统计分析表明,无论是短期还是长期,西方主导的联合国维和行动和后殖民目标国的汲取能力都呈显著的负相关关系。     

Returning to the child welfare system: Understanding the wellbeing,health, education,and placement of children who return

Using longitudinal archival Child Welfare System (CWS) data, this study describes child health and wellbeing at their initial entrance into the CWS and subsequent returns. Associations between child wellbeing, health, placement stability, and frequency of returning to the system were also investigated. Results indicated most children were healthy and developmentally on target. In addition, emotional distress, behavioral concerns, and number of placements in the CWS were significantly correlated with placement stability. Future work should utilize the use of developmental assessments to systematically and reliably document the concerns for children in the system, and investigate factors contributing to stable placements.