An experimental investigation of voter myopia in economic evaluations

A prevalent assumption in the economic voting literature is that voters’ retrospective evaluations are based on very recent outcomes only, that is, they are myopic. I test this assumption by drawing on a population-based survey experiment from Turkey. Turkey presents a good opportunity to explore voters’ time horizons for economic voting: the long tenure of the same single-party government entailed periods of both good and poor performance, and its overall record to date has been better than its immediate predecessors. I find that voters can provide divergent assessments of incumbent’s performance in managing the economy over different time periods that are in line with the country’s macroeconomic trajectory. Moreover, voters’ evaluations of the incumbent’s performance during its entire tenure have a stronger effect on economic vote than their shorter-term evaluations, defying voter myopia. I provide evidence that long-term outcomes might weigh heavier in voters’ considerations than commonly assumed.     

A Lab Experiment on Committee Hearings: Preferences,Power, and a Quest for Information

In principle, committees hold hearings to gather and provide information to their principals, but some hearings are characterized as political showcases. This article investigates conditions that moderate committee members' incentives to hold an informative hearing by presenting a game‐theoretic model and a lab experiment. Specifically, it studies when committees hold hearings and which types of hearing they hold by varying policy preferences of committee members and the principal and political gains from posturing. Findings provide new insights to how preferences and power distribution affect individuals' incentives to be informed when they make decisions as members of a committee in many contexts.     

Surveillance cameras and crime: a review of randomized and natural experiments

Research on the effectiveness of surveillance cameras in reducing crime suffers from potential threats to causal validity. This paper reviews seven studies that address some of these problems using the rigorous research designs of randomized and natural experiments. Included studies that reported changes in total crime found crime reductions ranging from 24 to 28% in public streets and urban subway stations, but no desirable effects in parking facilities or suburban subway stations. Moreover, surveillance cameras may help reduce unruly behaviour in football stadiums and theft in supermarkets/mass merchant stores. These findings indicate that video surveillance can reduce crime in several settings.     

西方自然法学派主要权利理论解读

社会法学派是现代西方法学派的主要派别之一,其本质是现实主义法学。权利理论来源于庞德的社会学法学,其基本理论主张表现为对过去法律权利制度的批判,重视“实际的法”而排斥“书本的法”。对其主要代表人物庞德、塞尔兹尼克和卢曼的权利理论进行解读,明确法律的任务或作用并不是创造利益,而只是承认、确定、实现和保障利益或权利,从而使法律成为调整和控制社会经济的有力工具,追求社会利益的最大化和社会秩序的条理化。     

天然气水合物—21世纪新能源

天然气水合物俗称"可燃冰",是一种具有巨大潜能的新型非常规能源资源.据科学家预测,它在自然界中的储量约为石油、煤炭、天然气总和的2倍.文中介绍了天然气水合物的储藏、科学研究情况及其作为一种新能源的优越性.     

“善良的“还是“无害的“——诺齐克政治哲学中的道德约束

在古代社会,“善良的“是国家对个人的要求.洛克在反对中世纪教会专制和绝对君主论的基础上提出:自由人在契约的基础上建立或废黜政府是合理的,因此,国家对个人的要求是受到大多数人对国家的要求限制的.诺齐克在洛克的基础上进一步提出:人的自由只有在自然权利的道德边际约束下产生的国家中才能得到保障,只有国家对个人自由权利的无害,才能确保个人对他人的无害.因此,国家对自由人的要求只能是“无害的“而不是“善良的“,“善良的“只能是个人对自己生活的道德要求.诺齐克没能解决当一个人无法保障自己的自然权利时,国家如何保障其自然权利的问题.只有建立在历史唯物主义基础上的道德边际约束递减律,才能有效解决这一问题.     

论庄子的生态环境伦理思想

作为伦理学发展的重要前沿之一的生态环境伦理,已经成为关系人类生存发展的重要理论领域.而早在庄子的思想中就已经存在着许多优秀的生态环境伦理思想.如"物无贵贱"、"道法自然"、"物我两忘"等等.这些思想对今天生态环境伦理的研究,有着十分重要的意义.     

鸡大肝和大脾病的组织病理学研究

对大肝和大脾（ＢＬＳ）病自然感染病鸡和２组人工发病鸡进行了组织病理学观察，结果表明，肝和脾是ＢＬＳ病的主要靶器官，组织病理学特征表现为肝和脾组织变性、坏死以及大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞和巨噬细胞呈围管性、结节状或弥漫性增生。人工接种病例显示，ＢＬＳ病的动态发展过程中肝细胞从颗粒变性、脂肪变性发展为坏死。在疾病的不同阶段出现不同的细胞增生，初期以淋巴细胞、浆细胞增生为主，中期以巨噬细胞增生为主，稍后又出现以淋巴细胞为主的增生反应，最后细胞增生停止。脾在细胞增生方面与肝一致。     

Published findings from the spouse assault replication program: A critical review

Published reports from seven jointly developed experiments have addressed whether or not arrest is an effective deterrent to misdemeanor spouse assault. Findings supporting a deterrent effect, no effect, and an escalation effect have been reported by the original authors and in interpretations of the published findings by other authors. This review found many methodologically defensible approaches used in these reports but not one of these approaches was used consistently in all published reports. Tables reporting the raw data on the prevalence and incidence of repeat incidents are presented to provide a more consistent comparison across all seven experiments. This review concludes that the available information is incomplete and inadequate for a definitive statement about the results of these experiments. Researchers and policy makers are urged to use caution in interpreting the findings available to date.     

Is small beautiful? Village level taxation of natural resources in Tanzania

This article examines collection of natural resources revenue by village governments in Tanzania as part of a decentralisation reform. An analysis of empirical data in the form of taxation records from 14 villages, which collect and retain revenues on natural resources utilisation suggests that decentralising revenue collection to the lowest local government tier may yield: (i) considerable increases in revenue collection; (ii) increased transparency in public finances through requirements that village governments document their incomes and expenditures to the villagers; and (iii) a financial surplus that is used to finance public services at the village level. The evidence presented in this article suggests that decentralising taxation to the lowest local government tier may be a viable approach to enhance revenue collection on the utilisation of relatively low value natural resources, and assure that a share of the collected revenue is used to finance public services. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.