Young British Partisan Attitudes to Negative Election Campaign Advertising: A Tri-Party Perspective

This article presents an empirical investigation of young partisan first-time voter attitudes toward the use of negative attack advertising in a British general election. Partisanship, particularly in relation to negative advertising and third-party effects, is significantly under-researched, yet it advances understanding of youth electoral interaction. Our study confirms that young British partisans are not passive recipients of information, but are actively involved in information processing, interpretation, and counter arguing. Our findings also highlight a third-party effect among young partisans in their evaluation of the attack advertising. Overall our young partisans broadly reject image-attack election ads, which raises a “health warning” on its use in future election campaigning. The findings of this study are of significant interest to election campaign strategists in their planning for future elections and to political researchers striving to advance understanding within the field of political marketing.     

犯罪构成要件体系论

关于犯罪构成要件,我国刑法学界普遍认为,行为构成犯罪,以犯罪构成要件的满足为条件。暨任何行为,凡是符合某种犯罪的构成要件,犯罪就成立,反之亦然。笔者认为,犯罪客体不是犯罪构成要件;犯罪主体是犯罪构成要件;而否定性要件应成为犯罪构成要件。因此,所谓犯罪构成就是指依刑法之规定,行为成立犯罪所必须具备的一切条件的总和,而一定的成分以及有序的组合就是犯罪构成要件体系。     

The impact of online negative word-of-mouth on customer purchase decision for the travel websites

The major purpose of this study is to explore the impact of online negative word-of-mouth （WOM） on customer purchase decision for the travel websites in Taiwan. Online questionnaire surveys were adopted, total of 374 responses were received and 249 of them were valid. Factor analysis was applied to extract key factors, and then multiple regression analysis was used to measure the relationship amongst variables. The major findings of this study include： （1） The three features of negative WOM, including the strength of information, sender＇s expertise and the strength of relationship between sender and receiver, have significant impacts on customer purchase decision; （2） trust plays a mediator role between negative WOM and customer purchase decision; （3） involvement has partial mediator effect amongst negative WOM, trust and customer purchase decision.     

新农村建设需重视城市化的负面效应

城市作为现代社会发展的“火车头”,对农村社会发展产生积极带动作用,同时,在快速城市化进程中,使农村各种要素大量流失,引起农村秩序的混乱,使农民在生活中不断被边缘化,冲击着农村传统的生产方式,冲击着传统的农村文化等负面效应,引起了乡村社会的裂变和衰败。因此,新农村建设需要高度重视城市化所产生的负面效应’     

Digital Election Observation: Regulatory Challenges around Legal Online Content

Between public debates about ‘hacking’ elections, so-called ‘fake news’ and online disinformation campaigns, it has become hard to imagine what free and fair elections in a digital environment could look like. This challenge is particularly pronounced for election observers who monitor free and fair elections. How should election observers fulfil this task when reliable data in online media campaigns are often not even available to media regulators? The following article provides a brief overview of existing challenges around online content regulation and how these apply to elections and election observation. It then considers where resources for digital electoral observation exist and how most effectively to build on these before, in conclusion, discussing next steps and potential opportunities to develop digital election observation further.     

Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms

Are candidates with “dark” personality profiles more likely to go negative? We triangulate data for the 2018 Senate Midterms in the United States from two independent sources (the automated coding of social media posts and an expert survey) and test the extent to which the candidates’ “dark” personality traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are associated with their negativity and incivility. By and large, we find that this is the case, especially when combining the separate traits into broader indicators of “dark” personality (“dark core” and underlying personality dimensions). These results resist robustness checks via models run with alternative specifications, such as using measures of personality (and campaign) that are adjusted to filter out the ideological profile of experts, additional covariates, more restrictive modelling, and alternative measurement of key dependent variables.     

Technology Firms Shape Political Communication: The Work of Microsoft,Facebook, Twitter,and Google With Campaigns During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Cycle

This article offers the first analysis of the role that technology companies, specifically Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft, and Google, play in shaping the political communication of electoral campaigns in the United States. We offer an empirical analysis of the work technology firms do around electoral politics through interviews with staffers at these firms and digital and social media directors of 2016 U.S. presidential primary and general election campaigns, in addition to field observations at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. We find that technology firms are motivated to work in the political space for marketing, advertising revenue, and relationship-building in the service of lobbying efforts. To facilitate this, these firms have developed organizational structures and staffing patterns that accord with the partisan nature of American politics. Furthermore, Facebook, Twitter, and Google go beyond promoting their services and facilitating digital advertising buys, actively shaping campaign communication through their close collaboration with political staffers. We show how representatives at these firms serve as quasi-digital consultants to campaigns, shaping digital strategy, content, and execution. Given this, we argue that political communication scholars need to consider social media firms as more active agents in political processes than previously appreciated in the literature.     

科学技术在刑事诉讼中的价值

科学技术本身具有积极和消极两个方面的价值属性。科学技术在刑事诉讼中的运用,对于实现司法公正和提高诉讼效率具有重要的积极价值,但是对于刑事诉讼程序的正当性和案件事实的准确查明也存在一些负面影响。为了在刑事诉讼中实现科学技术价值的最大化,有必要从研究方法的转型、观念的转变和制度的完善三个方面努力。     

Poisson-Based Regression Analysis of Aggregate Crime Rates

This article introduces the use of regression models based on the Poissondistribution as a tool for resolving common problems in analyzing aggregatecrime rates. When the population size of an aggregate unit is small relativeto the offense rate, crime rates must be computed from a small number ofoffenses. Such data are ill-suited to least-squares analysis. Poisson-basedregression models of counts of offenses are preferable because they arebuilt on assumptions about error distributions that are consistent withthe nature of event counts. A simple elaboration transforms the Poissonmodel of offense counts to a model of per capita offense rates. Todemonstrate the use and advantages of this method, this article presentsanalyses of juvenile arrest rates for robbery in 264 nonmetropolitancounties in four states. The negative binomial variant of Poisson regressioneffectively resolved difficulties that arise in ordinary least-squaresanalyses.     

体系转换理论视角下的朝鲜半岛安全问题

体系结构主要包括权力分配和"交往力度"两个变量。在东北亚区域权力结构失衡的条件下,实现整个地区由消极的权力结构向积极的权力结构的转换,是由两个相互叠加的进程共同构建的。一个是东北亚地区各国交往力度加深并逐渐建立积极的体系结构的过程;另一个就是在区域各国自制的条件下朝韩两国的合作过程。