从"民生新闻"的兴起看议程设置的互动

本文着眼于传播效果研究的经典成果议程设置理论,从“民生新闻”兴起的角度,阐释政府议程的设置、媒体议程的设置和公共议程的设置三方的良性互动以及这种互动体现出的传播效果的积极社会意义。     

传媒文化变迁与新闻编辑知识和能力的优化

网络技术的发展促使媒体生态环境和基本格局已经并正在发生重大变化,媒体逐渐走向融合。为了应对竞争,媒体采用了编辑中心制,新闻编辑成为媒体竞争的漩涡中心。目前,中国媒体合格的编辑人才储备还远远不能满足媒体领域的需求,其原因是过去单一媒介模式下的编辑知识结构与能力结构已不能满足媒体融合时代对编辑人才的要求。因此,优化新闻编辑的知识结构和能力结构显得十分重要。     

新闻采访语体的特点

新闻采访语体具有独特的规律:词汇口语化,客观性明显;句式简短,疑问句式突出;通篇切题利落,话题单一,话轮转换规律。从语体理论的角度探讨新闻采访语体的规律和运用,有助于提高采访时语言使用的技巧,从而保证采访更为顺利地进行。     

新闻立法刍议

本文概述了新闻法制的现实社会背景,在此基础上,就新闻立法进行了一定深度的思考,既肯定现行新闻法规对新闻传播活动有一定的规范作用,但同时指出现行新闻法规不能完全有效地适应当代新闻传播活动,强调建立和完善新闻法制的条件已经成熟,呼吁尽快完善社会主义新闻法制。     

20世纪汉语声调演变研究综述

20世纪汉语声调演变的研究集中于声调起源、声调的历时演变和共时演变三方面。汉语声调的起源有韵尾说和声母说。声调的历时演变集中于调类研究，中古后的演变开始着手调值研究。声调共时演变研究还不多，研究的视点是演变类型和演变条件。汉语声调演变研究存在的主要问题是历时不成线，共时不成片。     

Advances in the Study of Political Advertising

One of the biggest recent advances in the study of political advertising has been the availability of systematic sources of data on when and where ads air—and their content. In this piece, we review the various data sources that scholars have used to study political advertising, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. We then discuss recent studies that have employed data on political advertising to examine the effects of ad exposure on citizens' attitudes and political behaviors, how the content of advertising varies, and how ads have been targeted in recent political campaigns. We follow that with our own empirical contribution—an analysis of trends in advertising content, including negativity and policy focus—over the past 16 years.     

On the use of play theory in analyses of online public commentary

Abstract

The concept of play mediates between deliberation as a mode of reason and resistance as a mode of culture, thus opening a way to think about hostile comment (e.g., ‘flaming’) on online news forums as normal patterns of behaviour, instead of a departure from the received view of how citizens ought to consider matters of public interest. The play concept corresponds with current thinking around the notion of cultural citizenship. To illustrate the relevance of play theory in the analysis of online political discourse, this article uses an example from recent posts concerning the Protection of Information Bill (POIB) in the online site of the South African Mail & Guardian newspaper. The cogency of play theory to the concept of citizenship is argued through a discussion of how citizenship has been understood from the 1930s to the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the improved capacities of information and communications technologies (ICTs) made online deliberation a normal site for citizenship to be exercised.     

Milton's army: The white house press corps

White House reporters follow a path constructed by presidential advisers that they hope will lead them to fulfill goals set by their news organizations. White House officials ration them facilities for work, access to newsworthy people, and reportable information in amounts that depend on the importance to the President of the type of media they work in, the status of their particular news organization, and the staff's respect for the influence and competence of a particular individual. In this context, several constraints that affect White House reporting are discussed here: those placed on reporters by their organizations; by the way their type of media covers the White House; by their relations with each other; and by their concepts of what they are required to do. The framework for this discussion and analysis is a classification by type of media and news organizations that assign journalists to the White House. Of the resulting six categories, the first three have the most structural and organizational influence and are given the most attention. The special status, unique history, and influence of photographers at the White House require that they be treated separately.     

Crime News Trends in Finland: A Review of Recent Research

In this article, we present findings of crime media research conducted in Finland during recent years. As this body of research has mainly been published in Finnish, the core results have not been available for international audiences until now. The amount of crime news reporting has consistently increased both in the newspapers and in television news broadcasts during the last decades. A series of representative surveys also show that the majority of people read and view crime news on a regular basis and are thus constantly exposed to these media messages. We conclude our article by contrasting crime news trends with the development of fear of crime in Finland, and by discussing possible links and explanations to the relationship.     

Depictions of correctional officers in newspaper media: an ethnographic content analysis

The public relies on the media for most of its information about the criminal justice system. Unfortunately, media depictions of justice actors are not always accurate which, in turn, can lead to distorted images about the system and its operations. Using ethnographic content analysis to analyze 489 articles from major newspapers across the United States, this study seeks to discern how correctional officers and the jobs that they perform are portrayed in print media. The results suggest that correctional officers are overwhelmingly portrayed negatively, with 79.6% of the articles in the research sample presenting one of six distinct negative themes. A typology of these themes is explored in detail, along with its implications for societal support for corrections and correctional officers, especially with regard to the media’s potential contributions to officers’ job stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction.