论监护人侵权责任的承担

无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人致人损害,产生的赔偿责任由监护人承担,被监护人有财产的例外。因我国立法中没有责任能力的规定,没有区分承担侵权责任的主体,司法实践和理论上对监护人侵权责任的归责原则亦有争议。监护人的侵权责任应当适用过错推定责任原则,一方面要保护被监护人,另一方面也要注重受害人利益的平衡。家庭责任保险的引入和推广,能够有助于这一争议的解决。     

高等教育转型中的政府与高校关系重塑

我国高等教育发展面临着从计划体制向市场体制以及从精英化向大众化的转型。高等教育转型既对政府与高校关系调整提出了要求,也提供了空间和现实可能性。政府与高校关系的文本逻辑不等于实践逻辑,基于实践建立政府与高校的良性互动机制,就要重塑政府与高校的关系。其具体路径包括:合理界定政府在高等教育发展中的角色,提高政府服务于高校发展的能力;积极建立与完善高校法人制度,培育高校自我治理能力;大力发展高等教育中介机构,由其充当政府与高校之间的调节机制。     

Conviviality,ego, team and theme behavior in transrational peace education

ABSTRACT

The Innsbruck School of Peace Studies is known for its innovative academic teaching methods under the title Transrational Peace Philosophy. This essay introduces the epistemological fundament of this approach to peace education. It presents the didactic principles for its Strategic Capacity and Relationship Building, combined with Strategic Leadership Training. They are based on the conviviality of students and a curriculum that follows the stages of groups’ task behavior and individual learning by `peeling the onion´ of the Ego. It describes how the didactics are designed for the international, intercultural, interreligious and interdisciplinary groups of students. It demonstrates the five stages of Ego, Team and Theme Behavior during a semester and how the curriculum places courses for best learning results. It discusses the main presumptions on convivial learning processes for academics. The focus is on students who want to work later in a broader field of conflict transformation.     

法治、治理与国家能力

当前流行的法治观念与国家治理在价值立场和制度层面存在一定程度的张力,这根本来源于理念型法治与国家治理所面临的实践难题之间的裂痕。国家能力是指国家将自身的意志转化为现实的能力,不同于政治权力的集中与使用,它更多表示的是国家对于社会需求的回应性。实现优良治理,国家能力建设可谓至关重要。就与国家能力的兼容性而言,那种嵌入国家治理逻辑之中的治理型法治观念更为可取,其不仅可通过规范官僚机构的行为、塑造官僚精英的自我认同、增加制度供给来提升国家的制度化能力,而且能够从铸就公共政治文化和法律判断的正当化角度增强国家的合法化能力。     

劳动力价值视野下的死亡赔偿金

劳动者的生命能力丧失,其劳动能力必然丧失,而劳动能力是劳动者的财产,当劳动能力投入到劳动之中后,就会创造价值,劳动者以工资形式从其创造的价值中,分配到相当于劳动力成本部分的价值。这种价值为劳动者自身生存和发展所必须外,另外部分用于扶养家庭成员,或有剩余时以遗产的形式归继承人依法继承。当劳动者的生命被非法剥夺时,其利益关系人从劳动者可以获得利益的期望就会落空,因此,其就享有向侵权人主张这种逸失利益的请求权。这种逸失利益总和,不惟扶养利益,也不惟继承利益,应当是劳动者在余命年劳动力价值的总和,减去劳动者自身生存和发展所必须的费用。综合考量经常居住地、教育程度和年龄因素确定最终的死亡赔偿金。     

法人民事权利能力刍议

法人的民事权利能力问题在构建法人制度中具有基础性的意义。以法人民事权利能力的技术性本质和设计理由为基础进行分析,可以认为法人的民事权利制度与有限责任制度之间没有必然的联系,并且法人的目的不应当构成对法人民事权利能力的限制。     

论确认民事主体的标准——权利能力亦或法律人格

我国大多数学者均认为,民事主体的判断标准为权利能力,即一个生物意义上的人或社会团体组织只要具备了权利能力,即可成为民事主体,从而享有民事权利,承担民事义务。法律人格是现实主体参与法律关系的前提,民事能力是法律主体从事民事活动的可能性和范围,法律人格是民事能力的抽象,是确认民事主体的判断标准。     

The Law and Incapacity Determinations: A Conflict of Governance?

This article will consider the highly charged questions raised by two major sets of law reforms in England and Wales, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health Act 2007, which, although applying to closely related clinical populations, proceeded along entirely separate legislative paths. By justifying its proposals for reform of mental health legislation on the grounds of 'risk', the Government failed to take into account the implications of enforced treatment on patients who may retain decision-making capacity.     

Compatibility Between Mental Disorder and Mental Capacity: Analysis of a Particular Case of Group Sexual Homicide

Abstract: On the night of August 19, 2000, at the foot of Castel del Monte, an 8‐year‐old girl was brutally murdered. The perpetrators were identified as five young men who captured their victim and sexually abused her. The policemen found the cadaver by following “Mario,” one of the five, who had been discovered lying on the ground, near the castle. Investigation led to demonstrate that the murder was not premeditated. The only desire of the group was to sexually molest the little girl. Mario showed signs of psychiatric pathology and for that he underwent psychiatric evaluation by judicial authorities. Analysis of this case, combined with a criminological and medical‐legal perspective led to conclusions very much different from the expectations of Mario’s defense attorneys. Mario, a marginal figure and seemingly the least intelligent, played the role of group instigator, both in the initiation of sexually abusing the child, as well as in the elimination of an inconvenient witness. However, the group was able to activate Mario’s sadistic fantasies and his sexual perversions, and he ended up in a catalyzing role influencing the behavior of others and realizing what would otherwise remain only fantasies. The circularity of the group allows people like Mario, who are apparently subordinate, to influence the behavior of others. Mario was found to have a mental disorder but it was not sufficient to diminish his personal responsibility related to the crime. In fact, according to Italian judicial code, it is necessary that the motivation for the crime was psychopathological. It was for this reason that, according to Italian law, all of the members of the group were considered to be responsible for the crimes committed and were condemned.     

论未成年人民事行为能力及其所为民事行为之效力

未成年人尚未成年，对自己的行为缺乏全面的认识能力及预判能力，为了保护其利益，世界各国的民事法律制度，无不对其行为能力及其所为行为的效力进行必要的限制，我国亦同。我国现行的未成年人民事行为能力制度，存在着过于简单、笼统；缺乏对未成年人意思能力的应有尊重；与现实生活的实际状况相背离等缺陷不利于对相对人的权益保护，亟需完善。