Raising wages in the controlled sector: A general equilibrium analysis

The likelihood of the possibility pointed out by Stewart and Weeks, that a rise in wages in the ‘controlled’ sector of an underdeveloped country might raise total employment, is reexamined using an alternative model which facilitates consideration of the impact of such a wage rise on output and potential welfare as well as on employment. It is argued that Stewart and Weeks may have been overly sanguine in their appraisal of the impact of a controlled sector wage rise: the impact of this on real income and employment looks more likely to be adverse than not.     

“舌尖上的教育”是如何成为国策的——对日本政府在“食育”形成中角色的综论

日本是目前世界上食育体系最为完善的国家,研究这一体系,特别是关注其中的政府角色,对在中国推广该机制,具有重要意义。文章以日本为研究国别,在描述食育基本内容的基础上,论述了不同历史阶段食育的特征与消长,尤其是政府对推进食育计划的积极作用,最后重点关注了发挥管理保障功能的日本政府有关食育计划的组织架构。     

Reformulation,fortification and functionalization: Big Food corporations’ nutritional engineering and marketing strategies

In response to health concerns arising from the consumption of highly processed foods, the world's largest food and beverage manufacturing corporations (i.e. ‘Big Food’) have responded by modifying their existing products and introducing new products with ‘improved’ nutrient profiles. Three distinct strategies used by food corporations to nutritionally engineer and market their products will be identified: the reformulation of foods to reduce levels of harmful food components, the micronutrient fortification of products to address micronutrient deficiencies, and the functionalization of products that claim to provide optimal nutrition and health benefits. These nutritional strategies gain scientific legitimacy by drawing upon the dominant nutritional ideology of ‘nutritionism’, which is characterized by a reductive focus on nutrients as a way of understanding a food's effects on dietary health. Food and beverage corporations promote these nutritional strategies as an important part of their corporate social responsibility agendas, and as evidence that they are addressing the health issues associated with both over-nutrition and under-nutrition. However, these corporations are also using these nutritional strategies to legitimize and grow the markets for their products in the global North and South.     

Contemporary Prevalence and Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Refugee Settings Worldwide

Scant research has been conducted that systematically evaluatesinterventions to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in refugeepopulations, despite documentation of considerable prevalenceand continued outbreaks of micronutrient deficiency among thesepopulations. Refugees are especially at-risk for micronutrientdeficiency given their circumstances of origin, current residentialenvironment, and typical dependence upon food aid. Interventionspromoting reduction of micronutrient deficiency in refugee settings,including food fortification and dietary diversification, arerarely systematically evaluated for impact in reducing micronutrientdeficiency in refugee populations. As a result, little is knownabout the most effective prevention strategies for reductionof micronutrient deficiency in refugees. In fact, evidence suggestsperhaps that nutritional interventions with demonstrated effectivenessin other populations and locales may not be readily adaptableto refugee situations. Sustainable prevention interventionsaimed at reducing micronutrient deficiency in refugee populationsneed to be implemented and tested systematically to create anevidence base for good practice.     

普通高校高水平运动员的膳食与营养

文中分析了普通高校高水平运动员的生理、心理特征、营养摄入与运动成绩的关系,以及训练和比赛前后的膳食与营养补充特点,指出合理的膳食、均衡的营养补充,是保证健康和取得良好成绩的基础。     

颈椎损伤的伤残等级及“三期”法医学评定——附64例分析

目的探讨交通事故致颈椎损伤后伤残等级和休息、护理、营养时限的法医学鉴定,以及颈部损伤、原有疾患与后遗症之间因果关系法医学鉴定的原则与方法。方法收集64例颈椎损伤的伤残等级鉴定案例,对相关资料/数据进行统计分析。收集交警部门反馈的涉及伤病关系案件的处理结果,了解案件双方当事人对鉴定结论的认可程度。结果随着对颈椎损伤后伤残评定案件中原发病的认识逐渐增加,相应颈椎损伤涉及伤病关系鉴定的案件也日益增多;在受理的颈椎损伤伤病关系案件中,均按照伤病关系理论进行鉴定,案件处理机关（交通警察）以及双方当事人对鉴定结论均表示满意。结论对于各种颈椎损伤进行伤残等级和“三期”鉴定的案例,由于损伤机制不同,自身原有颈椎健康程度不同,所造成的后果也不尽相同,鉴定中应考虑原有疾病对伤残等级的影响。     

重症胃肠功能障碍中西医结合集束化防治管理优化方案研究

目的 观察3个不同的集束化防治管理方案对重症胃肠功能障碍（急性胃肠损伤）患者关键预后指标的影响,筛选优化的集束化防治管理方案。方法 将180例ICU患者随机分为3组,实施3种不同的治疗方案（方案1是尽早限制性给予肠内营养,以及早期给予肠外营养和中药;方案2是尽早给予合理性肠内营养和中药,3 d后肠内营养不足目标热量60%时加肠外营养;方案3是方案2减去中药）,疗程为7 d,比较3种方案对患者腹腔内压（intra abdominal pressure,IAP）、腹腔灌注压（abdominal perfusion pressure, APP）、胃肠功能、病情严重程度、ICU住院时间、28 d存活率、ICU病死率等的影响。结果 治疗后方案2组患者IAP显著降低,APP显著升高,病情严重程度减轻,28 d存活率显著增高（P<0.05）。结论 方案2能改善重症胃肠功能障碍患者的IAP、APP和病情,提高患者28 d存活率,显著优于方案1和方案3。     

早期肠内营养联合中药治疗胃癌术后患者12例

目的 观察早期肠内营养联合中药对胃癌术后患者体液免疫及胃肠功能恢复的影响.方法 将24例胃癌手术患者随机分成两组,治疗组先滴注健脾通里中药煎剂100 ml后再滴注瑞素500 ml,对照组先滴注9.0 g/L氯化钠注射液100 ml,再滴注瑞素500 ml,每天1次,连续7 d后检测免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG及胃泌...