国际投资仲裁中的人权保护

当前,国际投资条约和投资仲裁已经给人权保护带来消极影响。在投资者与国家间的投资争端中,仲裁庭对投资有关的人权问题可以行使管辖权。人权规则也已经被仲裁庭适用于界定间接征收、确定征收补偿数额等问题。当投资者通过国际仲裁机制挑战东道国的人权保障措施时,东道国可能会援引国际人权义务抗辩投资者的主张,此时,仲裁庭应当适当考虑东道国的人权义务,而不是任由投资规则践踏人权规则。     

行政诉讼给付判决的构造与功能

司法实践中存在对给付判决作扩张解释的现象,这将导致给付判决与其他判决类型在适用范围上发生重叠,致使新增给付判决的立法目的落空。行政诉讼法“监督行政—纠纷解决”的立法目的,塑造了“低强度审查模式—高强度审查模式”的司法审查强度区间,要求法院对程序性裁判与实体性裁判作出区分。履行判决原则上只能是程序性裁判。给付判决的制度功能在于确立实体性裁判的裁判方式,弥补履行判决在功能上的不足。现阶段,给付判决尚不能发挥“多用途武器”之功能,其适用空间应限于法律规范规定的给付义务、给付行政范畴内的给付义务、以金钱或财产为内容的给付义务。     

Regulating Collaboration: The Legal Framework of Collaborative Governance in Ten European Countries

ABSTRACT

Many scholars have considered when and why collaboration between government agencies and societal actors occurs. This article argues that a simple but largely overlooked answer to these questions is that a formal legal or administrative requirement to do so is in place. Therefore, the objective is to substantiate whether there are legal requirements to collaborate and in what type of source and context this obligation applies in ten European countries. The main finding is that collaboration is underpinned by an extensive range of legal requirements in Europe, although imposing these requirements is generally not the main objective.     

大陆法系勘验协助义务之演化及其启示

对于当事人或第三人是否负有勘验协助义务的问题,德国《民事诉讼法》及日本旧《民事诉讼法》均未规定。日本新《民事诉讼法》第233条第1款已经规定准用第223条关于文书的规定,当事人或第三人均有依法院的命令提出勘验物或容忍勘验的义务。我国台湾地区修法后,其＂民事诉讼法＂第367条已经增列第344条及第348条准用的规定,明示当事人和第三人均负有提出勘验物或容忍勘验的义务,以杜争议。但是,祖国大陆现行立法并未规定鉴定或勘验协助义务,因此确有必要引入鉴定、勘验协助义务以便法院遇有不协助鉴定、勘验时依据证明妨碍原理认定事实。     

浅谈如何提高高职院校学生党员在学生管理中的作用

高校的思想政治工作和稳定一直受到党中央的高度关注,现今高校学生面临的各方压力越来越大,由此反作用到高校的学生管理工作中.为了更好地加强对高校学生管理,我们需充分发挥学生党员的作用.     

论片意离婚时当事人双方利益的衡平——在中、德两国离婚法比较的视角下

片意离婚作为离婚主要类型之一，区别于合意离婚，其直接干预了当事人的离婚意志，使双方在离婚与不离婚、财产分割以及子女抚养等方面产生了利益冲突。比较中、德两国离婚法在离婚自由的限制、离婚的救济、补偿等方面的规定，找寻片意离婚时当事人双方利益衡平的方法：设定义务或限制、位阶保护。     

Jurisprudential Foundation of the Alogithmic Enforcement and Regulation of Law in an Intelligent Society: Taking the Automated Copyright Infringement Monitoring of the Online Content Sharing Platform as an Example

As cyber-space has become increasingly important for human activities, and intelligent algorithms are widely used in cyber-space, we are rapidly entering an intelligent society. Now, algorithmic enforcement and regulations of law have posed non-negligible issues. As algorithmic enforcement of copyright law was introduced earlier than that of other laws, it provides a helpful observation perspective. The worldwide practice of copyright enforcement has gradually departed from traditional “safe harbor provisions, ” and has emphasized prior examination of shared contents uploaded by Internet service providers’ (ISPs) users through the following three dimensions: automated infringement detection algorithms voluntarily used by the ISPs, heavier judicial liability of ISPs, and updated legislation principles. Thus, innovations and development have stimulated new mechanisms and regulations for enforcing copyright in cyberspace. Algorithmic enforcement of copyright law in an intelligent society is essential and meaningful. The copyright regulation mechanisms should be guided by jurisprudential principles and concepts featuring the principles of (a) legitimate and efficient flow of information, (b) balance between and among algorithmic power, public power and private rights, (c) boosting the sharing economy and the new gig economy, and (d) promoting social governance philosophy of “coconstruction, co-governance and sharing.” These principles are meaningful for creation of a new mechanism for balancing interests between ISPs and their users, and for introducing the pluralistic co-governance mechanism beyond simply practicing “filtering obligations.” In addition, these principles are significant for improving a certification with credibility of copyright status and ownership, and for advancing a mechanism for online collegiate-panel dispute resolution.     

当前低碳经济发展困境及我国低碳经济发展的法律保障简

发展低碳经济已成为世界各国的主流意识形态和价值现.低碳经济有着独特的优势和巨大的市场潜力,已成为世界经济发展的热点和重心.然而在国际上,由于碳减排义务的分担存在分歧以及欧盟碳交易市场的低速而使低碳经济深陷困境.我国低碳经济建设迫切而任重,结合我国低碳经济发展的现实,构建完善的法律框架和相应的配套保障制度是必由之路.     

论经营者安全保障义务的性质

关于经营者安全保障义务的性质主要有附随义务说和法定义务说两种学说。附随义务说将安全保障义务定位于合同义务存在诸多不足。经营者安全保障义务的性质应以侵权法上的法定义务为原则，以约定义务为例外。     

论国际法之“对国际社会整体的义务”

国际法的"对国际社会整体的义务"(obligations erga omnis)是现代国际法中的一个重要概念,对国际社会整体的义务是国家对其某些行为承担国际责任的基础。国家责任的实践和国家责任的编纂中对于"对国际社会整体的义务"的研究贯穿始终。对国际社会整体的义务反映了国际法价值论的变化,国际体系是由并存的主权国家组成的,但是国际法的价值不应仅仅是国家价值,在国家价值之上,应有所有国家都对其享有利益的价值,即国际社会基本价值和国际社会共同利益,这主要表现为强行法对基本人权的保护。由之,国际社会之一切国家应有"对一切"的义务。同时,对国际社会整体的义务应促使我们对国际法体系结构和国际法效力根据的再审视,对国际社会整体的义务昭示出国际法中自然法的应有地位。