尤科斯事件后俄罗斯石油工业的新格局

石油工业是俄罗斯经济的主导部门之一。从俄罗斯经济发展的长远战略考虑,俄在较长时期内还将主要依靠能源产业,因此,必须对这个关系到经济发展前景的产业加强国家的掌控力度,通过对石油工业格局重新调整,加大国有股份的比重。目前,俄官方、媒体和专家达成的共识是,可能会存在四五家大型能源公司。俄罗斯东西伯利亚和萨哈林地区拥有丰富的碳氢化合物资源,正在积极寻求国际合作,以对产地进行勘探和开发。这为中俄能源合作提供了契机。     

俄罗斯太平洋石油管道与东北亚地缘政治格局

俄罗斯通往亚太地区的第一条石油运输管道已于2006年4月开工修建。太平洋石油管道是俄罗斯落实其东方能源外交战略、实施能源外交多元化战略的重要举措，对东北亚地缘政治格局产生了重要影响。     

2004年俄罗斯油气工业的现状、问题与前景

2004年是俄罗斯油气工业快速发展的一年,石油和天然气的产量、出口量及加工量都保持了强劲的增长势头。但是,尽管2004年俄罗斯油气工业的整体形势比较令人满意,可油气资源基地的滞后发展和出口管线问题在一定程度上制约了俄罗斯油气产量的增长。因此,寻找、勘探、开发新油气田,加快油气运输基础设施建设的步伐是俄罗斯油气工业未来的发展方向。     

船舶碰撞造成油污损害民事赔偿责任的承担

本文总结了我国司法实践中在处理船舶碰撞油污损害赔偿方面存在的主要法律问题 ,并根据法理和有关法律规定对这些问题进行了较详细分析 ,最后在分析基础上提出解决这些的立法或司法建议案     

美国新能源战略初探

确保美国未来能源安全是美国新能源战略的核心目标。在国内,美国加强石油和天然气的勘探与开发,推行能源多元化政策,加强基础设施建设,增加战略石油储备;在国外,美国加强对中东海湾地区的石油控制,同时减轻对中东石油进口的依赖,并不惜以军事和外交手段扩大对世界其他地区能源的控制和影响。     

The More Assertive and Pragmatic New Energy Policy in Putin’s Russia: Security Implications for Northeast Asia

The article examines Russia’s New Energy Policy (NEP) and its impact on Northeast Asian security and the development of the Russian Far East. In contrast to analyses highlighting competition between China and Japan for Russian resources, to the contrary it is argued here that greater cooperation among consumer states in Northeast Asia would be beneficial for Russia. Although the NEP has resulted in changes in the composition of foreign investors in Russian energy projects, the author suggests that Moscow is interested in multinational cooperation in the energy sector because it would help diversify the regional energy market and contribute to the development of the Russian Far East and eastern Siberia.

论建立和完善我国有关船舶油污损害赔偿责任限制程序的必要性

《海事诉讼特别程序法》第 9章仅对于海事赔偿责任限制基金设立程序做出规定 ,并没有明确规定油污损害赔偿责任限制程序问题 ,基于此 ,本文通过比较油污损害赔偿责任限制与海事赔偿责任限制的异同 ,初步提出建立和完善我国油污损害赔偿责任限制程序的立法建议。     

Governing sustainable palm oil supply: Disconnects,complementarities, and antagonisms between state regulations and private standards

The global palm oil value chain has grown in complexity; stakeholder relationships and linkages are increasingly shaped by new public and private standards that aim to ameliorate social and environmental costs while harnessing economic gains. Regulatory initiatives in the emerging policy regime complex struggle to resolve sector‐wide structural performance issues: pervasive land conflicts, yield differences between companies and smallholders, and carbon emissions arising from deforestation and peatland conversion. Identifying opportunities for more effective governance of the palm oil value chain and supply landscapes, this paper explores disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between public regulations and private standards, looking at the global, national, and subnational policy domains shaping chain actors’ conduct. Greater complementarities have emerged among transnational instruments, but state regulation disconnects persist and antagonisms prevail between national state regulations and transnational private standards. Emerging experimental approaches, particularly at subnational level, aim to improve coordination to both enhance complementarities and resolve disconnects.     

The culture of risk regulation: Responses to environmental disasters

Disasters challenge the equilibrium of regulatory regimes and make policy shifts more likely. Using an institutional theory of cultural biases and the concept of cultural “surprise”, this article analyses the direction and intensity of media argumentation in respect of policy shifts. Instead of assuming a demand for greater State intervention after dramatic focusing events, as suggested by other theoretical frames, cultural theory opens a variety of options that range from embracing regulatory responses from different cultural biases to the radicalization of current, but failing, instruments. The analysis of media reaction to the environmental disasters caused by the oil spills of Exxon Valdez (United States), Erika (France) and Prestige (Spain) shows that the demand for more hierarchy does not monopolize the overall argumentation. The change demanded often implies a radicalization of a particular prevalent view where the associated institutional setting is failing its supporters.     

Volatile Organic Compounds,Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil is an explosive mixture found in most antipersonnel landmines (APL) buried throughout the Colombian territory. During more than 50 years of internal conflict, the Colombian government has found that trained dogs are the most effective method to detect APL. However, the olfactive signature in ANFO is unknown and also if there are differences in detection related to the explosive manufacturing origin. Therefore, this work begins with the analytical validation of the method used to determine ammonia, in its derivatized form as carbamate, released by home-made ANFO using HS-SPME-GC-FID. Once validated, the method was used to identify ammonia and other organic volatile compounds present in ANFO, under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The validation process includes the evaluation of the optimum conditions for the derivation and extraction of butylcarbamate, the determination of the working ranges with linear response in FID, the limits of detection and quantification, the sensitivity, and the precision. The results of the validation established linearity and sensitivity in a concentration between 20 and 120 mg/L, as well as low limits of detection and quantification of 6.4 and 21.4 mg/L, respectively. Also, an intermediate precision of 11% for butylcarbamate with a repeatability of 8%. The validated method showed in real samples of home-made ANFO besides ammonia, the presence of low molecular methylamines, and also exhibited differences in volatile compositions according to the origin. The objective of this work is to offer a reliable analytical methodology for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from ANFO.