数据要素对制造业高质量发展的影响——来自制造业上市公司微观视角的经验证据

随着数字经济与实体经济的不断融合发展,数据已经成为经济发展进程中的关键生产要素。基于手工整理的2011—2020年我国A股制造业上市公司年报数据的研究表明：制造业高质量发展是企业研发创新、生产制造、市场匹配三个环节整体联动实现更高效率发展的一种高级状态。数据要素能够显著促进我国制造业高质量发展,且主要是通过关键性技术突破与知识创新的研发创新效应、生产流程优化与协同的生产协同效应产生影响,但市场匹配效应尚未完全显现;数据要素对我国制造业高质量发展的推动作用在非国有企业、高技术密集度行业与东部地区更加显著。研究结论为数字经济时代下我国如何激活数据要素潜能、推进传统产业转型升级提供了政策启示。     

检察机关廉政文化建设的路径探索

检察机关廉政文化建设是一项系统性工程。目前,检察机关的廉政文化建设在工作机制、工作载体等方面相对薄弱,因此,应借鉴国内外廉政文化建设的先进经验,围绕廉政文化建设的量化指标,探索一条适合检察机关廉政文化建设的具体路径。     

健康医疗大数据的积极利用主义

健康医疗大数据是国家重要的基础性战略资源。为促进我国健康医疗大数据产业发展，应该明确健康医疗大数据积极利用主义规制模式，解决积极利用与知情同意原则之间的冲突。我国立法应鼓励健康医疗大数据的积极利用，通过知情同意原则的灵活运用及替代性或补充性保护机制的引入，解决健康医疗数据利用和保护之间的冲突，按照数据类型区分原则，对健康医疗大数据进行系统、适当的分类，明确原则性规定和例外情形。     

Towards more digital cities? Change in technology use and perceptions across small and medium-sized US cities

ABSTRACT

There is continuous pressure on public managers to adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) to transform the way cities work. E-government research provides insights on the institutional, organisational, and individual factors that shape technology adoption and use. Yet most studies on small and medium sized cities use cross-sectional data or rely on small samples. We lack a systematic understanding of how technology use in smaller cities has changed over time and where these cities are lagging. Drawing from a multi-year, multi-method national study of city government technology use, we describe advancements and gaps in the enactment of a range of technologies, from social media to open data portals, and explore variation across city population, department type, and manager age. Our findings show that smaller cities still lag in the adoption of key features while local government managers are more inclined to adopt and positively perceive social media than traditional ICTs.     

Municipal population size and the benefits of inter-municipal cooperation: panel data evidence from Japan

ABSTRACT

Intermunicipal cooperation (IMC) facilitates efficient public service delivery. This study measures how the benefits municipalities gain through IMC differ according to municipal population size and service provision type. Focusing on public health and fire protection services, this study employs panel data regression for 1,706 Japanese municipalities over a five-year period, 2012–2017. This study has several major findings. First, an increase in the IMC spending ratio reduces public spending in both the studied services. Second, the marginal effect of IMC varies depending on the size of the municipal population. More specifically, the marginal effect of IMC on public health has a narrow confidence interval with a wide ranging population scale, while the marginal effect of IMC on fire protection produces negative values for only 151 municipalities due to extensive standard error. These findings can help municipalities take advantage of IMC to improve public service delivery.     

统计学方法在微量物证数据处理中的应用

统计学方法在微量物证理化检验工作中受到越来越多的重视,采用有效的统计学方法对检验数据进行分析,不仅能够深度挖掘复杂数据背后信息,还能不断提高数据的应用价值和证据本身的证据价值。本文对目前微量物证领域常用统计学方法进行归纳总结,简要介绍了常用统计方法的应用,对各类方法优缺点进行说明。最后,对法庭科学工作者都比较感兴趣的贝叶斯统计与似然比方法在理化检验数据统计分析中的应用进行了介绍。     

国内外舆情治理研究热点及趋势分析

以CNKI和Web of science核心数据库收录2002-1-1至2019-12-31文献为研究样本,运用Cite Space软件及文献计量方法,通过国内外文献样本对比研究,分析舆情治理领域研究起源、演化路径、热点及研究趋势。发现:已有的国内外研究热点主要集中在网络舆情演化机理的探讨和分析,使用大数据技术对网络舆情分析、研判、预测和预警,网络舆情监管和治理这三个方面;国外舆情治理的研究趋势是舆情演化影响因素分析、社交媒体情感行为分析和大数据网络舆情技术研究;国内舆情治理研究趋势是舆情信息分析研究、舆情的管理及公共政策制定研究、大数据驱动的隐私保护机制、利益相关者及信息生态研究。研究结论对舆情治理领域科学研究和实践应用具有一定的参考价值。     

On the Legal Regulation of Algorithms

Increasingly, algorithms challenge legal regulations, and also challenge the right to explanation, personal privacy and freedom, and individual equal protection. As decision-making mechanisms for human-machine interaction, algorithms are not value-neutral and should be legally regulated. Algorithm disclosure, personal data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination are traditional regulatory methods relating to algorithms, but mechanically using these methods presents difficulties in feasibility and desirability. Algorithm disclosure faces difficulties such as technical infeasibility, meaningless disclosure, user gaming and intellectual property right infringement. And personal data empowerment faces difficulties such as personal difficulty in exercising data rights and excessive personal data empowerment, making it difficult for big data and algorithms to operate effectively. Anti-algorithmic discrimination faces difficulties such as non-machine algorithmic discrimination, impossible status neutrality, and difficult realization of social equality. Taking scenarios of algorithms lightly is the root cause of the traditional algorithm regulation path dilemma. Algorithms may differ in attributes due to specific algorithmic subjects, objects and domains involved. Therefore, algorithm regulation should be developed and employed based on a case-by-case approach to the development of accountable algorithms. Following these development principles, specific rules can be enacted to regulate algorithm disclosure, data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination.     

高级领导干部腐败犯罪的“大数据画像”及廉洁治理对策——基于十八大以来125个腐败案例的实证分析

全面从严治党向纵深发展迫切需要总结腐败的规律性特征,提升当前和下一阶段反腐败工作的精准性、科学性和及时性。党的十八大以来,部分高级领导干部的政治腐败、经济腐败、生活腐败相互交织,具有明显的主体特征、时间特征、空间特征、类型特征,汇聚而成高级领导干部腐败犯罪的“大数据画像”。政治权力异化内因、政治生态恶化诱因和政治监督弱化外因是腐败犯罪生成的重要原因。强化腐败惩治增强“不敢腐”的法治震慑,优化腐败预防增强“不能腐”的机制保障,改进廉政教育增强“不想腐”的政治自觉,一体推进廉洁治理。     

刑场上的国家、民众与犯罪人--一种关系犯罪心理学分析

以关系犯罪心理学为理论出发点,对古代国家权力的社会控制模式及其效果作了重新认识,剖析了刑场上的国家、民众、受刑人之间各自的心理特征和错综复杂的权力关系,并指出这是公开行刑制度存在及其消亡的重要原因。