城市道路照明监控系统初探

结合工程实例 ,从系统原理及系统构成的各部分介绍了对道路照明的远程集中监控系统 ,并分析了各种通讯手段的优劣 ,对这领域进行了初步探索     

Reassessing the Cross-National Relationship Between Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Implications of Data Quality Control in the Measurement of Income Distribution

A significant positive relationship between income inequality and homicide rates has been found in a large number of cross-sectional studies and a few longitudinal analyses; a theoretically interesting interaction effect between income inequality and social welfare has also been found. For the most part researchers have been willing to use generous quality criteria in collecting income-distribution data, to maximize sample size and thereby enhance statistical power and representativeness. In the present paper we use a recently developed data set with explicit quality ratings for the income-distribution data, which permits systematic assessment of the consequences of relying on income-distribution measures of varying quality in examining the inequality-homicide relationship. Our analyses reveal that the income inequality-homicide relationship is remarkably robust in cross-sectional analyses. Regardless of the quality of income-distribution data, we observe significant positive effects of the Gini coefficient on homicide rates in cross-sectional multivariate models. Consistent results are also observed when an interaction term for income inequality and decommodification is examined. The results of longitudinal analyses differ; we observe a significant positive effect of changes in inequality on changes in homicide rates only when income-distribution measures of low quality are used.     

Normal responses to sexually anatomically detailed dolls

The behaviors and verbalizations of normal, preschool age boys and girls during interactions with sexually anatomically detailed (SAD) dolls were examined. A structured, nonsuggestive interview with each child was videotaped, and five behaviors and five verbalizations were coded for each of five phases of the interview. A two-way ANOVA (gender × phase) showed that during those phases when the dolls were undressed, both boys and girls showed more sexual exploratory play, aggressive behavior which was nonsexual, and active avoidance. Across all phases, nonsexual aggression accounted for 31% of the boys' and 22% of the girls' total responses. Behavioral and verbal sexual exploratory play represented 42% of the boys' responses and 50% of the girls' responses. In contrast, sexually aggressive behavior accounted for only 1% and 2% of the boys' and girls' responses, respectively. Girls interacted with the dolls more than did boys. Additionally, girls demonstrated more affection to the dolls than did the boys, and boys displayed more anxiety with the dolls than did girls. Investigators should be cautious as to inferences about preschoolers' interactions with SAD dolls, especially interactions of a sexual or aggressive nature which do not clearly depict fondling or intercourse.     

Victim's perceptions of initial police responses to robbery and aggravated assault: Does race matter?

Despite the fact that police officers are usually the first persons within the criminal justice system to respond to a criminal victimization, the majority of research investigating racial discrimination within the system has examined primarily the effects of race on adjudication outcomes which occur after initial police interventions, such as conviction decisions and sentences. Very little empirical effort has been devoted to examining the effects of race on early police responses to a reported victimization. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey from 1987 to 1992, this paper investigates the effects of both the victim's and the offender's race on three police responses to robbery and aggravated assault: (1) police response time to the scene, (2) effort exerted by the police at the scene, and (3) likelihood of arrest. It was found that police were quicker to respond and also exerted more effort at the scene such as searching and taking evidence to incidents of black on white robbery compared to all other racial dyads. This relationship held even after controlling for other factors such as victim-offender relationship, poverty, injury to the victim, and victim's gender. No significant effects of race, however, were found when predicting the probability of arrest in cases of robbery. The effects of race on police responses to aggravated assault were more complicated. For assaults involving strangers, police were significantly more likely to exert additional effort at the scene if the victim was white and the offender was perceived to be black. This effect was reversed, however, for nonstranger assault victimizations. Police were significantlyless likely to exert effort at the scene or to make an arrest in black on white assaults involving nonstrangers. The most consistent predictors of arrest in both stranger and nonstranger assault victimizations were police response time, injury to the victim, and the incident occurring in a public setting.     

论认证公开

认证公开是审判公开的重要组成部分,其对定分止争,维护社会稳定,构建和谐社会,具有重要作用。然而,我国许多法院在审判工作中对认证公开不够重视。本文对认证公开的含义及其意义,认证公开的途径作了较为深刻探讨。     

现行政府信息公开制度与档案开放立法的完善

《政府信息公开条例》的颁布使我国政府信息公开工作规范化,将极大地推动政府信息工作的开展。信息公开是档案利用的一个重要组成部分,《条例》的颁布对档案信息利用立法是挑战,也是一种机遇。其在立法理念、信息公开的主体、方式等方面对我国档案利用立法形成较大的冲击。档案部门必须积极应对,不断健全和完善相关法律法规．确立开放利用为原则的立法理念,协调档案开放立法层次,把机关档案室纳入档案开放服务机构体系,缩短细化档案开放时限,扩大档案开放范围,设立档案开放制度保障机制。     

浅析现场照片的证据归类

本文对案件发生过程中拍摄的现场照片如何归类进行了论证,从目前各种学术著作对书证和视听资料所做的界定进行分析,探究现场照片作为诉讼证据是否被涵盖其中。现场照片如果归入书证的范畴,那么对传统意义上的书证需要做出新的思考;对于存储在电子设备中的数码照片,如果归入视听资料的范畴,对传统意义上视听资料的特点也需要做出修正。     

浅谈数据恢复技术

数据恢复是网络取证研究的基础。作者研究了数据恢复的理论基础,通过对硬盘数据各级组织结构的分析,设计了硬盘数据恢复的模型,提出了适用于不同层次数据恢复的一般方案和技巧。     

我国城镇贫困群体社会救助状况实证研究

社会救助是协调公平与效率关系的基本途径。本文从全国城镇贫困群体的社会救助出发,在对其整体状况进行分析的同时,以现有经济理论为基础,通过实证检验影响我国社会救助的重要因素,从而为进一步完善我国的城镇贫困群体社会救助制度提供相应的经验证据。     

“运行”计算机内“易挥发数据”的取证问题

当前司法实践中对现场中处于运行状态的计算机大多采用“二步式”取证的方式来收集数字证据,即先由侦查人员对涉案计算机实施关机分离和保全,尔后再移交专业机构进行数字证据司法鉴定。该方法虽保障了数字证据的原始性和证明力,但无形之中却造成了存储于RAM中的“易挥发”数据以及其他形式的潜在数字证据的丢失。而计算机信息系统中的这些“易挥发数据”可为案件的侦破提供重要线索和潜在的数字证据,因此进行现场动态分析,收集这些“易挥发数据”对数字案件侦查取证意义重大。