执行结构转换下的权力互动——宁波市审批制度改革的政策过程分析

在宁波市审批制度的改革过程中,削减审批事项和规范政府行为的审批制度改革(以下简称审改)是如何展开的,有哪些变量影响审改政策执行的成功与失败,这些变量之间又有着什么样的逻辑关系,通过对宁波市审改的政策过程分析,运用执行结构转换理论,对宁波市审改政策的执行过程进行了解释.认为审改政策执行是政策执行结构不断转换的过程.在审改政策的执行过程中,改革决策团体和执行团体之间是权力互动的.执行结构转换和权力互动过程是影响审改政策执行成败的因素.在宁波市审改的案例中,削减审批事项的执行结构从"有限分权"模式开始,逐渐向"有限分权与关系主导互动"模式转换;在规范政府行为时,政策执行结构又从"有限分权与关系主导互动"模式开始,逐渐向新的"有限分权"模式转换.在不同的执行结构模式下,审改决策团体和执行团体运用各自的权力资源讨价还价、策略互动的方式是不同的,从而影响到审改政策的执行结果.     

寄生虫谷胱甘肽转移酶的研究进展

谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)是由多基因编码、具有多种功能的超基因家族酶,是细胞内转运的"通用"载体蛋白.哺乳动物的GST可调控细胞增殖和死亡信号通路,具有参与运输、新陈代谢和生理反应等的能力.已有研究表明,多种寄生虫的GST参与虫体的生命活动.综述了有关寄生虫GST的研究...     

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鲫鱼组织3-甲基喹(噁)啉-2-羧酸残留量

将待测鱼肉和鱼皮匀浆样品经碱水解、液-液萃取后,采用HPLC-TMS方法对其中的3-甲基喹(噁)啉-2-羧酸(MQCA)残留量进行了检测.结果,此方法的最低检测限为1.16μg/kg,市售鲫鱼样品中MQCA的含量低于检测限.结果表明,HPLC-TMC灵敏,易操作,能满足鱼组织内MQCA残留量检测的要求.     

蟾酥对产气肠杆菌抑制作用的方差分析和相关分析

把采自中华大蟾蜍的蟾酥用蒸馏水稀释成4、6、81、0 mg/mL共4种浓度,作为因素A,用LB液体培养基将活化的产气肠杆菌原液按1∶104和1∶105稀释,作为因素B,采用二因子(A和B)方差分析观察了蟾酥对产气肠杆菌抑菌圈直径的影响,并分析了蟾酥浓度与抑菌圈直径之间的相关关系。结果显示,蟾酥浓度与抑菌圈直径之间存在显著正相关(r=0.988~0.997);不同浓度的蟾酥溶液对产气肠杆菌均有抑制作用;且随着蟾酥浓度的升高,抑制作用加强。     

酒后驾车血液呼气中乙醇检测方法评价

回顾了乙醇中毒检测的一些重要事件和发展趋势,对此领域内的一些先驱及其主要贡献略加介绍,并对血-气乙醇检测方法的原理、优缺点作了说明。血液检测方法包括湿化学方法、酶法、气相色谱法,呼气检测方法包括湿化学方法、电化学方法、气相色谱法和红外光谱法。欧洲血液检测方法进行地比较早,且较深入,北美则对呼气检测方法有比较透彻的研究。     

Britain's Oddest Election?

Fringe political parties did well in the European Parliament elections in June 2005. The British National party won their first seats; altogether, four in ten British voters supported a party not represented in the House of Commons at Westminster. YouGov questioned more than 32,000 electors at the time of the election, in order to find out who voted for each party and why: the sample was big enough to enable robust analysis to be done on the BNP, UKIP and Green vote, as well as the supporters of Labour, the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. YouGov's findings show that there was disillusionment with the traditional main parties, and fears for the future, that were felt by voters across the political spectrum, and not just the supporters of the fringe parties.     

Joint sector reviews—M&E experiments in an era of changing aid modalities: Experiences from JSRs in the education sectors of Burkina Faso,Mali and Niger

Aid policy and practice have been thoroughly shaken up over the past few years. One of the reform areas relates to monitoring and evaluation (M&E). In short, aid recipients are asked to elaborate result‐oriented frameworks while donors are expected to harmonise and align their policies and frameworks. This article examines the extent to which joint sector reviews (JSRs) could take the M&E reform agenda forward. JSRs are M&E exercises at the sector level which have the potential to satisfy the M&E needs of various stakeholders while, at the same time, also contributing to the M&E reform agenda. They are increasingly utilised on the ground, yet, so far, there do not exist any systematic stocktakings and/or analyses of them. Our own analysis of a sample of JSRs from the education sectors of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger indicate that JSRs score highly on harmonisation, coordination, leadership and broad‐based participation, but poorly on alignment. They generally prioritise accountability over learning needs and largely neglect accountability and learning at the level of the sector institutional apparatus. In this article, findings from the field are contrasted with insights from evaluation theory and practice so as to provide suggestions for on the ground JSR improvements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Empirical study on the influence of organizational learning and capability on technological mnovanon

Based upon the generalization of those theories in organizational learning, organizational capability and technological innovation, the essay discusses the influence of organizational learning and capability in technological innovation, and presents its relevant hypotheses. On analyzing the effective sample data from 682 enterprises of different industries across 10 provinces and cities in China, the empirical results reveal that external learning is in favor of enterprises to cultivate dynamic capability but to disfavor in improving the existing operational capability, internal learning benefits enterprises to improve the existing operational capability but to disbenefit in cultivating dynamic capability, dynamic capability has a positive impact on operational capability, dynamic capability has significantly positive correlation with product innovation and process innovation, while operational capability has only evidently positive correlation with product innovation.     

European Climate Policy: Toward Centralized Governance?

The EU emissions trading system (ETS) is the first large-scale international emissions trading system and a "cornerstone" in EU climate policy. A key element in the ETS implementation process is deciding upon the ceiling ("cap") for the emissions included in the ETS. Over time, a significant change and centralization of this model has taken place. In order to understand this development, we need to acknowledge the increasing acceptance of stronger centralized governance among the member states due to ETS pilot phase problems; take into consideration frustration in the European Commission over complex and differing National Allocation Plans; and add the fact that the Kyoto Protocol target was getting nearer and a good performance of the "flagship" ETS was becoming increasingly important. Hence, although the case supports the importance of acknowledging the multilevel character of the EU, it still emphasizes the key role of changes in member states' interests and positions for understanding outcomes.