舆论监督能代替司法监督吗？——从“躲猫猫”谈起

舆论监督是指新闻媒体运用舆论的独特力量，帮助社会公众了解政府事务，并促使其沿着法制和社会生活共同准则的方向运作的一种社会行为。司法监督，是指司法机关依据法定的职权和程序，对行政主体及其公务员的行为所实施的合法性监督。二者在和谐社会和法治建设中发挥的监督功能各有千秋，不能厚此薄彼，更不能相互越位。文章以云南晋宁县“躲猫猫”案件为切入点，探讨了如何辩证的看待舆论监督与司法监督二者的关系，以期为我国舆论监督与司法监督的良性互动提供点滴有益思考。     

专家证人若干问题的探讨(上)--以我国证据立法为背景

专家证人制度是各国证据法的重要内容之一。我国进行证据立法和构建这一制度时,应整合现行法中原有的制度资源,并根据实际情况适当吸收与借鉴其他法域的经验和做法。具体说,主要是围绕专家意见的证据资格、委托专家证人的主体范围、专家证人负有的义务、专家意见的异议、专门诉讼必备专家证人等方面进行规制。     

从公案看涉检舆情应对机制

近年来,越来越多的司法个案因为各种原因进入公众视野,受到舆情的广泛关注而演化为“公案”。分析这些“公案”,我们能够发现其共有的规律性特征：多为冤假错案、涉案被告人的身份呈现两极化、刑讯逼供问题广泛存在、网络成为主要媒介。“公案”的出现向涉检舆情应对工作提出了新的挑战,民意诉求、有罪推定、“命案必破”错误思想、公检法机关配合过度而制约不足等都是现阶段涉检舆情应对工作存在难题的深层次原因。本文通过分析“公案”及其成因,以期对建立有效的涉检舆情应对机制提供有益的思考。     

An attempt to objectify the condition of cervical spine distortion injury in traffic accident victims for court purposes

Introduction

According to morphological criteria, cervical spine injuries include, among others, contusion, distortion, luxation and fracture. Distortion of the intervertebral articulations occurs when the force of movement exceeds the physiological range, and the articular/joint capsule, cartilage and ligaments are damaged. While within the articulation a haematoma is formed, which produces clinical manifestations such as localised idiopathic pain, tenderness to palpation and analgesic limitation on both the passive and active joint mobility (i.e., a syndrome of subjective painfulness), as reported by the patient, the diagnostic imaging techniques (i.e., regular radiograph pictures) typically applied in such cases do not show any post-traumatic changes. Distortion of the cervical spine, resulting in a post-traumatic feeling of pain, usually occurs indirectly as a result of transmission of the force of injury onto the spine, as in the case of a traffic accident. Frequently, in cases of abuse, arriving at a hasty clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic cervical spine distortion apparently presents a serious problem in giving medical opinions for court purposes; thus encouraging the authors to attempt objectifying the condition of cervical spine distortion.

Methods

In a retrospective investigation, the authors analysed the medical opinions given by the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, for court purposes.

Results

Among nearly 5500 opinions in the past 5-year period, we analysed 167 cases related to cervical spine injury.

Conclusions

An attempt is made to either substantiate or negate the clinical diagnosis issued for court purposes by assessing the following: the findings of the physical examination of the person involved, the condition of the person involved in the accident from the period prior to accident (radiograph findings confirming the level of the already existing degenerative changes; age and sex of the person involved; positive or negative history of injuries sustained prior to accident), the course of treatment after the accident (character of symptoms reported and their evolution with time; co-existence of other bodily injuries; outpatient treatment instituted, including the application of Schantze collar, rehabilitation) and also the circumstances in which the accident occurred.     

网络民意需重视，更需甄别——以立法引入网络民意为例

网络已经成为民意表达的重要渠道,并深刻影响当代中国的社会生活。在立法中引入网络民意,既能有效引导网络舆论,又能充分扩展立法过程的公众参与。但网络民意是否能真实、客观地反映民意,其本身还需要建立有效的甄别机制。     

“法庭之友”制度及其借鉴

"法庭之友"制度在美国采用之后得到了很大的发展,并对司法审判产生了重大的影响.该制度虽然不无质疑,但不应忽视其对司法实践所产生的积极作用.我国的"专家法律意见书"有违程序正义理念,应在借鉴"法庭之友"制度合理内核的基础上,建立专家咨询制度.     

互联网舆论的演变逻辑与作用机制——对几起网络公共事件的解读

近年来,网络公共事件多发和互联网舆论风暴引起了政府部门与学界的高度关注。本文着眼于2009年的三起互联网公共事件,分析了互联网公共事件从最初呈现到事件最终结局的演进过程,探讨了互联网舆论在公共事件进程中的演变逻辑及其对政府公权力形成实际影响的几个关键因素。     

Criminal responsibility for two consecutive crimes

Criminal legally responsible for responsibility in Israel his crimes unless the is defined in terms of polarity： all or nothing. An individual is court has determined that he is exculpated from criminal responsibility; there is no diminished criminal responsibility. The authors present a unique case where two expert psychiatrists determined that the accused was culpable for the first crime, rape, but was exculpated from criminal responsibility for the second crime, stabbing, which was committed immediately thereafter. As per the court approved plea bargain, the accused was charged only with rape, and was sentenced to incarceration in the psychiatric ward of the prison. The social significance of the expert psychiatric opinion and the court ruling will be examined in this paper.     

Public support for electoral reform: The role of electoral system experience

What affects public support for electoral reform? How does experience with different electoral systems affect people's willingness to support electoral reform? Given the salience of changes to election rules even when they are passed via the legislature and the increasing use of referenda as alternative mechanisms for change, these questions are critical to understanding when electoral reform will occur. I argue that experience (specifically, with an electoral system similar to that under consideration) affects public opinion by reducing uncertainty about the likely effects of reform and thus affects support for reform (although the direction of the effect depends on partisan bias). Moreover, I argue that experience is most important in the absence of strong party cues. I leverage subnational electoral system variation in the United Kingdom and find that experience does affect support for reform — negative experiences decrease support for reform. The results have implications for the possibility of electoral reform in the UK and beyond.     

网络舆论引发的政府形象危机及其消解

随着信息技术的发展和普及,网络已经成为公民参与公共政策的一个重要渠道,网络民意已经成为公共决策信息的主要来源之一。如何积极地应对由网络舆论引发的政府形象危机也成为政府所面临的新的挑战。