环境犯罪的成因分析及伦理对策

环境犯罪之所以存在,一方面是由于主观上的故意和过失造成,另一方面是科技水平的限制而导致的。我们要预防环境犯罪的发生,就必须以增强公民环境意识为切入点,从而规范人的行为,提升人的素质,实现环境保护。     

中西民法精神文化本源刍论

本文从天道观、政治学、伦理学、社会学四方面透视中国传统民法精神形成及其演化 ,并结合西方民法演进史比较二者之根本差异 ,从而说明中西方民法文化所体现的不同价值趋向 ,认为在评价一种文化之优劣时应结合该种文化所产生并藉以生存的文化土壤进行考察。     

法人类学作为独立学科的诞生及其他

法人类学是一门独立的学科。作为一门独立的学科,法人类学究竟是什么时候诞生的?从以前有关法人类学诞生的界定来看,似乎给人以法人类学与人类学同时诞生或者法人类学先于人类学诞生的暧昧叙述。事实上,法人类学诞生在19世纪末的德国,是从民族学和历史学中分离出来的。波斯托和科勒是创始时期的杰出代表,而马林诺夫斯基的“功能观点”是法人类学在理论上成熟的重要标志。     

犯罪原因新议——心理失衡论

探讨犯罪的原因应首先从犯罪人的内因寻找答案。心理失衡是导致犯罪产生的内因。以社会环境为标准 ,心理失衡可分为社会心理失衡与个体心理失衡两个方面 ,它与犯罪的关系是一个动态的过程 ,预防和控制犯罪应针对心理失衡的不同程度 ,做好教育与疏导工作。     

Genotypic Polymorphisms of Hepatitis B Virus Provide Useful Information for Estimating Geographical Origin or Place of Long‐term Residence of Unidentified Cadavers

Increasing numbers of unidentified cadavers are a major problem. We have developed a new method for providing identification information that can determine the geographical origin or place of long‐term residence of unidentified cadavers based on genotypic polymorphisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) known to correlate with their geographical distribution. PCR of serum samples detected HBV DNA from 4 (3.9%) of 102 randomly selected Japanese forensic cadavers. Multiplex PCR did not detect multiple HBV genotypes from any single cadaver, confirming the absence of coinfection. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on a 485‐bp mutant region of the HBV S gene successfully classified the HBV genotypes into A to J. Among 10 HBV‐infected cadavers, 8 had genotype Ce/C2, a genotype prevalent in East Asia, and 2 had genotype Bj/B1, a Japanese‐specific genotype. HBV genotypic polymorphisms correlate with the geographical distribution of the virus and thus provide important information for identifying unidentified cadavers infected with HBV.     

论违反安全保障义务侵权行为及其责任

违反安全保障义务的侵权行为是一种新类型的侵权行为,是中国近年来司法界和学术界非常重视的一种侵权行为。目前,最高人民法院已经作出了司法解释,使这种侵权行为的法律适用有了初步的依据。在制定中国侵权行为法中,应当进一步借鉴大陆法系侵权行为法的违反安全保护义务侵权行为的立法经验和英美法系侵权行为法的土地利益占有人的侵权责任的立法经验,确立完善的法律规则,制裁这种侵权行为,使民众的合法权益得到更完善的保护。     

"摹仿说"与"观物取象说"辩析

吉希腊哲学家、文艺理论家亚里士多德提出“摹仿说”,认为艺术源于对现实生活的摹仿,文艺是摹仿的产物,摹仿是艺术的特征。我国古代哲学经典《易传》提出“观物取象说”,认为艺术是对现实生活的真实反映,是对现实生活的“观物取象”,两者在关于艺术起源、艺术构造和艺术与现实的关系上有着相通之处。     

广西壮族习惯法探究

文章对广西壮族习惯法的起源、产生、发展与运行进行了探究,认为壮族习惯法起源于宗教禁忌,萌芽于原始社会时期,形成于春秋末期的部落联盟时代,稳定于秦代,成熟于汉代,成文于清代。并依靠大小头人制度传承运行。这些习惯法对于保证壮民族地区社会秩序的正常运转,维护壮民族地区的共同利益,促进壮民族地区的发展起过重大作用。     

Validation of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for determining osseous or dental origin of unknown material

Forensic anthropological examinations typically involve the analysis of human skeletal remains, but in cases where samples are very small and/or physically compromised, it may first be necessary to determine whether the material is even osseous or dental in origin. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a technique that reveals the elemental composition of materials and is hypothesized to have utility in such cases. XRF analysis was conducted on a variety of tissues and materials in unaltered and altered (damaged) states. With few exceptions, osseous and dental tissues in unaltered and altered conditions contained characteristic levels of calcium and phosphorus, while other materials did not. Materials could be accurately identified as osseous or dental in origin based on the calcium and phosphorus levels identified by XRF, and we therefore conclude that XRF analysis is a valid and effective means of determining osseous or dental origin of unknown material.     

朱彝尊对西洋传教士及其书籍的看法——康熙朝文人阅读史个案探析

朱彝尊是清代康熙年间以博学著称的学者,他对西洋传教士持排斥态度,这与其曾祖朱国祚对利玛窦的态度有关。朱彝尊赞许当时中国学者有关天文历算的著述,却对来自西洋传教士的天文历算学说提出批评。从阅读史的视角来考察,朱彝尊所谓博学,特指其在传统经史方面的成就。康熙皇帝的阅读倾向对士人有引导作用。