论刑事庭前审查程序的价值——兼论我国庭前审查程序的完善

刑事庭前审查程序的价值主要体现为三个方面:一是对公诉案件进行"过滤",从而抑制公诉,防止不必要的和无根据的审判发动;二是对公诉案件进行"分流",使不同刑事案件适用繁简不同的诉讼程序,防止简单案件适用复杂的诉讼程序,或者是复杂案件适用简单的诉讼程序;三是保障人权并节约诉讼资源.在此基础上,提出了"建立我国预审法官制度"等完善我国刑事庭前审查程序的构想.     

论我国行政立法程序之完善

从某种意义上而言,行政立法的法治化也是行政立法程序的规范化和法治化。中国行政立法的最大弊端在于其程序的随意性、隐秘性和不可预知性,而全球贸易规则恰恰最强调行政行为的法定性、透明性和可预知性。为此,就有必要建立与世界贸易规则相适应的行政立法程序。从中国行政立法程序及完善动因、全球贸易规则对中国行政立法程序的控制和建立与世贸规则要求相适应的行政立法程序三个层面探讨中国行政立法程序的完善。     

小议侦查程序中的人权保障

侦查程序是刑事诉讼中非常重要的一个环节,然而,由于长期以来侦查机构权力过大,得不到有效制约,而屡屡发生侵犯公民权利的事件。为此,我们应当构建一种能够有效制约侦查权力的司法机制,以实现侦查程序中的人权保障。     

论我国刑事初查制度的缺陷及改革方向

我国的刑事初查制度在司法实践形成并发挥了打击犯罪的积极作用,但由于缺乏明确的法律依据和规范体系而存在诸多制度缺陷,从一开始就备受争议。从根本上克服这一缺陷不能仅从完善初查制度本身入手,而应考虑改革我国的立案程序,建立随机型刑事侦查模式。     

网络新闻的走势——寻求网民心理需求和议程设置的完美契合

结合传播学理论中的议程设置对新闻网站的网络新闻进行分析(以两会期间人民网新闻排行为观察视点),可以发现新闻网站在进行议程设置时和网民心理需求之间的一些规律,网民心理需求和议程设置契合地越完美,网络新闻的前景也就越光明。网络的参与性和交互性与网民的显著性、接近性、趣味性等心理可以结合起来,这样网络新闻会日臻完美,从而更加吸引网民的眼球。     

Determinants of legislative turnover in Western Europe, 1945–2015

This article explains legislative turnover in eight West European legislatures over 152 general elections in the period 1945–2015. Turnover is measured as the rate of individual membership change in unicameral or lower chambers. It is the outcome of a legislative recruitment process with a supply and a demand side. Decisions made by contenders affect supply, while decisions made by parties and voters influence demand. Such decisions are shaped by four political and institutional factors: the institutional context of political careers, or structure of political career opportunities; political party characteristics; electoral swings; and electoral systems. Ten specific hypotheses are tested within this theoretical framework. The structure of political career opportunities is the most decisive factor explaining variability in turnover rates, followed by electoral swings and political parties. Electoral systems show less substantive effects. Electoral volatility is the predictor with the most substantive effects, followed by duration of legislative term, strength of bicameralism, regional authority, gender quotas, level of legislative income and district magnitude.     

雇员“吹哨”的正当性及其限度

雇员向媒体或有关监管部门"吹哨",可以及时制止公司违法甚至侵害公众利益的行为,起到减轻政府监管压力的作用。但是雇员的吹哨行为在维护公共利益的同时,却违背了对公司的忠诚义务。雇员"吹哨"的正当性源于行使宪法赋予的言论自由权利,并保护公众利益。如何规范雇员吹哨,控制雇员吹哨的副作用,是我国法制建设当前面临的重要课题。通过员工"吹哨"实现社会有效监督的关键在于依法明确各项权利行使的边界。雇员吹哨的动机及实现的社会效果都是衡量这一边界的重要因素。通过相关配套措施的构建引导雇员在边界内理性"吹哨",从而真正实现对公共利益的保护。     

预告期性质研究 —— 基于劳动者和用人单位双重视角下的分析

预告期作为劳动者辞职或用人单位预告解雇的期限,其性质的阐明关乎实践中诸多问题的厘清。在肯定预告解除权为形成权的同时,认可预告期"始期说"的内在性质,在"程序说"与"条件说"的外在性质辨析,在法律、集体合同、劳动合同关于预告期规定的选择中不囿于现有学说,在适当倾斜保护劳动者利益以及增强劳动力市场灵活性的同时,提出区分预告解除主体,根据具体情况分别适用。     

When Do Men Represent Women’s Interests in Parliament? How the Presence of Women in Parliament Affects the Legislative Behavior of Male Politicians

This paper analyzes the conditions affecting male Members of Parliaments’ (MPs) proclivity for representing women’s interests. It particularly explores whether the presence of female MPs has an effect on men’s parliamentary behavior. Three contrasting effects are discussed in the literature: (1) A spillover effect which postulates that men will become more likely to act on behalf of women if the number of female MPs increases, (2) a group‐threat effect which creates a hostile backlash among male MPs, or (3) a specialization effect which makes male MPs less likely to represent women because this is typically seen as a function that should be fulfilled by female MPs. Empirically, this paper analyzes the representation of women’s issues in parliamentary questions tabled in the German Bundestag (1998‐2013) by using automated content analysis. The results support the specialization hypothesis and show that male MPs reduce their intensity of women’s representation if the proportion of female MPs is high.     

庭前会议的功能定位与实践反思--以B市40个刑事案件为样本

按照刑事诉讼法和相关规范性文件的设定,刑事庭前会议主要解决程序性争议,基本功能是归纳控辩争议焦点,确定法庭调查范围;拓展功能衍生为推动案件繁简分流,规范撤回起诉程序,协商确定审判方式。通过对B市40个刑事案件的实证分析发现,庭前会议解决程序性争议的功能有限,庭前会议与庭审程序的关系不明,"大庭前会议、小庭审程序"现象值得警惕,制度设计与实践操作存在一定的紧张关系。未来要谨防庭前会议替代、削弱正式庭审,避免辩护权弱化、庭审虚化等不良倾向,回归庭前会议功能,推动庭审实质化。