翻译单位与译者的主体性

学翻译过程是一个涉及多种选择的复杂过程,贯穿于翻译全过程的选择集中体现在翻译单位的确立上。本文评介了翻译学界对“翻译单位”命题的研究,肯定了Rado提出的“逻辑素”观点的重要意义,并提出翻译单位的研究和确立体现了译者的主体性,这对于翻译批评和翻译实践都将有重要意义。     

Preferential selection and outcome justice: Effects of justification and merit discrepancy

In applying the relative deprivation theory to preferential selection research, Singer (1991) used a within-subjects design and showed that ethnicity-based selection induced feelings of injustice among the disadvantaged target group, the Europeans; and that the level of felt injustice could be predicted by the discrepancy in merits between the successful minority candidate and the rejected European candidate. This study aimed to cross-validate the findings with a between-subjects design, and to ascertain whether the provision of either an ideological or a causal justification would reduce feelings of injustice. The results replicated previous findings and further showed that either type of justification exacerbated perceptions of injustice among European respondents, but it had no effect on fairness perceptions of Asian subjects. The theoretical implications of the results were discussed.     

美国政府高层公务员选拔管理机制考察

20 0 0年 9月 ,笔者赴美国洛杉矶加州州立大学学习一年。期间 ,对美国政府高层公务员选拔管理机制进行了深入考察。考察内容包括 :美国政府高层公务员的选任方式 ,考察公务员的方式及量化方法 ,班子结构及群体效率 ,能下机制及其配套环境 ,有效监督的连锁性机制等方面     

The Relationship Between Partner Abuse and Substance Use Among Women Mandated to Drug Treatment

This study investigates the relationship between substance use and partner abuse among women (N = 1,025) who entered drug-treatment programs through the criminal justice systems in New York City and Portland, Oregon. Self-report data on substance use and partner abuse indicate that although the rate of partner abuse in both cities is well above the national average, the less substance-involved women in Portland reported more abuse than their New York counterparts. Our analyses suggest that the relationship between partner abuse and substance use during conflicts varies within the population of women offenders who are heavily drug-involved, with women in Portland reporting a greater direct link between partner abuse and substance use. The findings indicate that there is a need for drug-treatment providers to understand their clients' victimization histories and the relationship between partner abuse and substance use in order to engage clients in the treatment process and help them learn how to avoid being victimized in the future.     

Effects of Partner Violence and Physical Child Abuse on Child Behavior: A Study of Abused and Comparison Children

This study tests a model of the effects on child behavioral outcome of the child's exposure to partner violence and child abuse, in children who have experienced the two forms of victimization either separately or together. Recognizing that family contextual factors play an important role in influencing child outcome, an ecological model is proposed that designates family stress as the principal exogenous factor, with effects on child outcome mediated through caretaker distress, partner violence, and child abuse. The sample consists of 100 confirmed cases of physically abused New York City schoolchildren, ages 9 to 12 years, and their families, and 100 nonmaltreated classmates, matched for gender, age, and, as closely as possible, for race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, and their families. Child behavioral outcome is assessed by classmates for antisocial, prosocial, and withdrawn behavior and by parents and teachers for externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that partner violence and caretaker distress, both associated with family stress, increase the risk for child abuse and thereby raise the child's risk for poor outcome. Implications of differences among raters for the model's applicability, and implications of the results for clinical intervention, are discussed.     

公共选择理论与我国公安机关行政改革

我国的公安机关行政改革经过了多年的实践,虽然取得了一定的成就,但总体来说仍然停留在一个较低的层面上,目前的公共选择理论是近年来西方行政科学的新鲜理论,对我国包括公安改革在内的行政体制改革有深刻的启发意义。我们不仅可以利用公共选择理论来解释我国公安行政改革中存在的问题,而且也可以吸收公共选择理论中的科学与合理成分来改革公安工作,以增进效益、提高效率。     

道德选择的心理分析

选择是个人在自己面临的各种可能性之间进行取舍的一种特殊活动.道德选择是内外自由耦合作用的结果,其主要的心理机制是道德判断力和自我意识.通过对道德选择的流程进行信息加工分析,可以进一步理解道德选择的具体过程.道德的两难选择则是双趋冲突、双避冲突的表现,有着不同于一般道德选择的内涵、特征及其作用,它是人们处于两种冲突的利益关系之中必须作出行为决断的选择.道德两难选择也意味着在个体面前发生了两种利益冲突,二者必选其一.个体可以通过增强平衡机制处理道德选择中的冲突和矛盾.     

政府制度选择的道德核心范畴

政府制度选择必然是利益冲突条件下的公共选择,是在一定的伦理原则支配下进行的伦理行为。政府制度选择必须遵守以公正为核心道德范畴的伦理准则。历史上许多思想家的相关论述都有不同的片面性和狭隘性。坚持政府制度选择的核心范畴和首要原则———公正,就必须坚持起点的公平、过程的公正、成本的合理和结果的适当。     

对当前建设高素质干部队伍的几点思考

建设一支高素质的干部队伍 ,选拔任用是关键 ,制度建设是保障 ,培养教育是基础。只有搞好干部队伍的选拔、任用、监督、培训等一系列工作 ,才能建设一支适应时代发展要求的高素质的干部队伍 ,才能为实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标提供坚强有力的组织保障     

Law clerks as an instrument of court–government accommodation under autocracy: the case of the Russian Constitutional Court

There is a normative expectation that constitutionalism does not co-exist well with autocracy. How do constitutional courts then uphold their integrity under authoritarianism? In this paper, I answer this question by taking the case of the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) and showing how court–government accommodation in the new post-third wave autocracies can be achieved by limiting the amount of information the court receives from its secretariat. It follows from a detailed analysis of case selection in the RCC that the secretariat can function as an “insulator,” protecting the Court from political and reputational risks. The two features that make this possible are its invisibility to the judges and the clerks’ specific professional culture. The research is informed by an extensive series of in-depth interviews in the RCC, and benefits from the relocation of the RCC to St. Petersburg in 2008.