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191.
Compulsory rules are known to have far‐reaching effects beyond boosting electoral participation rates. This article examines the relationship between compulsory voting and partisan attachments. A theory of attachment formation and strength is engaged that argues that compulsory voting boosts the likelihood that one will identify with a party and, in turn, the strength of party attachments among identifiers. The statistical model accounts for both the hierarchical structure of the data (individuals in elections) and the dual nature of the dependent variable (individuals report a strength of attachment only for the party with which they identify). Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, it is demonstrated that compulsory voting does indeed increase both the incidence and the strength of partisanship. 相似文献
192.
王霁霞;唐克 《北京人民警察学院学报》2013,(5):29-32
行政诉讼和解制度是政府与相对人在司法实践中基于自身利益进行的行为选择,共同改变了《行政诉讼法》规定的纸面规则。其中上级政府的量化指标考核与和解制度的成本低、收益小是政府与相对人选择和解制度的核心原因。这一现象说明行为主体在各自的生存环境下做出了与法律规则不一致的利益选择,这些实际选择一定程度上虚置和瓦解了纸面的法律规则。因此,在法律制度建构时应充分考虑行为主体的生存环境与利益选择。 相似文献
193.
This article reports on the results of exploratory surveys with immigrant women regarding their observations of intimate partner violence and criminal justice practices in their communities in the emerging immigrant gateway of Baltimore, Maryland. Using an intersectional/interlocking theoretical framework, it asks how nativity interacts with other social locations in the experiences of partner violence through surveys of women representing 5 language groups. The study found high levels of awareness of the problem of partner violence in immigrant communities and strong awareness of many U.S. criminal justice approaches to the problem. Although the women preferred informal sources of support in a situation of abuse, they strongly supported government intervention. We found low levels of awareness of the Violence Against Women Act as well as little support for the higher levels of prosecution for batterers, even though arrest was sometimes approved. The article calls for sensitive policies and practices that take into account the particular vulnerabilities of the foreign-born, especially in localities where national diversity is relatively novel. 相似文献
194.
Angela R. Gover Courtney Welton-Mitchell Joanne Belknap Anne P. Deprince 《Women & Criminal Justice》2013,23(2):99-120
Although most women abused by intimate partners experience a patterned behavior of abuse (by either the same or new partners), little is known about their decision making regarding whether to call the police for subsequent abuse. The current study found that 90 percent of women who had encountered the criminal legal system for previous intimate partner abuse victimizations did not contact the police for some or all recurrences. Qualitative analysis was conducted among a sample of 102 women regarding their reasons for not re-engaging the legal system for subsequent victimizations. The results suggested 5 overall reasons as to why women involved with the criminal legal system choose not to engage the system again. 相似文献
195.
The extant literature has given only limited consideration to the adoption of intimate partner violence policies and procedures on the part of police organizations, particularly in rural areas and small towns. Using survey data from police agencies in the southern regions of Illinois, this study found that although policies were nearly universal, specific elements varied. Agencies relied heavily on conferences and other departments in formulating their policies, making less use of recommendations from professional associations or the salient literature. The findings suggest variation in how intimate partner violence is perceived and policed in rural areas and small towns while highlighting some of the challenges agencies encounter in addressing this offense within their jurisdictions. 相似文献
196.
Emily Stephens 《Women & Criminal Justice》2017,27(3):191-203
Intimate partner abuse is a major problem. This is especially true when there are children present. In attempt to stop the cycle of abuse, it is of critical importance to understand the impact children have on the relationships and the decision-making process of those involved. This research is part of a larger project examining the help-seeking behaviors of victims of intimate partner abuse. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 26 victims of intimate partner abuse who eventually sought services. This paper reports on how children affect the decision of their parent to either seek services while in an abusive situation or to postpone seeking services. This study focuses on 19 of those respondents with children. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses were conducted. This paper utilizes part of the qualitative data relating to the import of children in the decision-making process. Analysis reveals that for all respondents, children were important to their decision-making process. Several themes related to children were identified, including those who identified leaving the situation and seeking services because of their children and those who postponed seeking services because of their children. Implications for prevention and intervention in cases of intimate partner abuse will be discussed. 相似文献
197.
Is the Magic Still There? The Use of the Heckman Two-Step Correction for Selection Bias in Criminology 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Shawn Bushway Brian D. Johnson Lee Ann Slocum 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2007,23(2):151-178
Issues of selection bias pervade criminological research. Despite their ubiquity, considerable confusion surrounds various
approaches for addressing sample selection. The most common approach for dealing with selection bias in criminology remains
Heckman’s [(1976) Ann Econ Social Measure 5:475–492] two-step correction. This technique has often been misapplied in criminological
research. This paper highlights some common problems with its application, including its use with dichotomous dependent variables,
difficulties with calculating the hazard rate, misestimated standard error estimates, and collinearity between the correction
term and other regressors in the substantive model of interest. We also discuss the fundamental importance of exclusion restrictions,
or theoretically determined variables that affect selection but not the substantive problem of interest. Standard statistical
software can readily address some of these common errors, but the real problem with selection bias is substantive, not technical.
Any correction for selection bias requires that the researcher understand the source and magnitude of the bias. To illustrate
this, we apply a diagnostic technique by Stolzenberg and Relles [(1997) Am Sociol Rev 62:494–507] to help develop intuition
about selection bias in the context of criminal sentencing research. Our investigation suggests that while Heckman’s two-step
correction can be an appropriate technique for addressing this bias, it is not a magic solution to the problem. Thoughtful consideration is therefore needed before employing this common but overused technique.
相似文献
Brian D. JohnsonEmail: |
198.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) by women against men has been the subject of much debate. Feminists typically argue that IPV
is committed only by men against women. Others argue that violence is a human problem and women also commit much IPV. To resolve
these debates, IPV has been classified into two categories: common couple violence captured by population-based studies, and
patriarchal terrorism, captured by studies of battered women. This typology ignores male victims of extreme IPV. The current
study addresses this omission by describing 190 male callers to the Domestic Abuse Helpline for Men. All callers experienced
physical abuse from their female partners, and a substantial minority feared their wives’ violence and were stalked. Over
90% experienced controlling behaviors, and several men reported frustrating experiences with the domestic violence system.
Callers’ reports indicated that their female abusers had a history of trauma, alcohol/drug problems, mental illness, and homicidal
and suicidal ideations.
相似文献
Denise A. HinesEmail: |
199.
200.
当前竞争态势下高职院校发展战略选择——以“波特五力”分析模型为视角 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
“波特五力”分析模型是企业管理工具,高职院校借助这一工具,可以顺利开展绩效管理。通过阐述“波特五力”分析模型与高职院校的契合点,研究用企业管理的商业模式进行高职院校管理的可能性和现实操作性,提升高职院校竞争力。 相似文献