现代公司的本质：营利性、赢利性抑或盈利性——基于词义辨析与营利性内涵的分析

梳理公司的本质并在立法中加以合理疏导是当前和今后理论研究的一个重要任务,这在我国已基本完成股权分置改革和当前越来越强调公司社会责任的背景下显得尤为重要。然而。目前学界对公司本质的表述存在营利性、赢利性抑或盈利性之认识与使用的分歧,在造成误导的同时也引发了一定程度的以讹传讹。理清这一问题乃当务之急。因公司经营有风险而存在投入与产出对比后有盈余或亏损的情形,故公司的本质为重在目的或理想之营利,而非重在盈余结果之赢利或盈利,公司的营利性包括追逐利润最大化的动机、经营的持续性和有盈余应分配之根本性。     

Third-Party Intermediaries and Negotiated Settlements, 1946–2000

Past studies regarding the success and/or failure of conflict management activities have brought about a wide range of results. In this paper we attempt to gain more definitive conclusions about effectiveness by accomplishing two tasks. First, using a basic theoretical framework we identify expectations of efficacy as they relate to differences between states, coalitions, and IGOs. Second, we also examine the utility of different conflict management techniques in an effort to place in greater perspective the effectiveness of mediation, the most utilized technique of third party intermediaries. Using a new dataset on third-party intermediary behavior in militarized disputes from 1946 to 2000, we find that while all conflict managers are useful in assisting belligerents in reaching a negotiated settlement, IGOs are the most effective. Additionally, while mediation is an effective technique to produce settlements, military intermediary actions, such as peacekeeping, are much more useful.     

浅谈食品安全风险评估机构独立运行的必要性

目前,我国风险评估机构属行政序列,其评估工作不能独立、科学的运行,导致食品安全风险预警职能无法发挥,食品安全事故频发。食品安全风险评估机构有独立运行的必要性,为实现食品安全风险评估机构独立运行,应列入人大序列进行理论探讨,以求为实践提供借鉴。     

警察执法作战指挥训练方法构成探索

警察执法作战指挥训练方法是保证训练效果的重要因素。由于警察执法作战指挥训练内容的广博性,以及训练对象的多层次性,警察执法作战指挥训练的方法构成应具有很大的灵活性,探索其训练方法构成,对有效提高训练效益,提高警察指挥员的指挥能力具有重大作用和现实意义。     

我国养老保险基金保值增值的途径与制度设计

文章基于我国人口老龄化趋势日益加深,社会养老保险面临严峻挑战的社会背景,考察我国养老保险制度发展完善的历程,分析了现行养老保险基金运营管理中存在的问题和缺陷,以养老保险基金保值增值的途径与制度设计为线索进行研,艺,指出通过资本化运作可以实现养老基金的可持续发展。     

Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers: Understanding Variation

While the literature on peacekeeping has mostly focused on whether peacekeeping actually keeps the peace, few studies have systematically addressed the question of what explains variations in unintended consequences of peacekeeping, such as sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). This study presents the Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers data, a new dataset covering the 36 international peacekeeping missions by the UN, NATO, ECOWAS, and the African Union, active in the years 1999–2010. Using this dataset, it also presents the first statistical study that explores the issue of what can account for variations in reported SEA across peacekeeping operations. The systematic analysis of this data indicates that SEA was more frequently reported in situations with lower levels of battle-related deaths, in larger operations, in more recent operations, the less developed the country hosting the mission, and in operations where the conflict involved high levels of sexual violence. Our discussion and conclusion highlights data restrictions and identifies key challenges for future research.     

我国有组织毒品犯罪活动的嬗变及侦查启示

毒品犯罪活动具有广泛和深刻的社会危害性,一直受到国际社会的普遍关注。当代我国有组织毒品犯罪活动不断发展变化,毒品问题愈发严峻,毒品犯罪组织的结构形式和运作模式不断呈现出新的特点,所产生的犯罪能量日益扩大,对我国缉毒侦查工作造成极大的挑战。有必要系统分析我国毒品犯罪的成因及有组织毒品犯罪活动的嬗变过程,在深刻发掘毒品犯罪本质的基础上提出针对有组织毒品犯罪的侦查策略。     

提升社会治理效能:社会企业生产要素社会性变革及其制度优势

社会企业通过市场机制参与社会治理的行动根植于经济嵌入社会的关系之中。生产要素本身具备多种属性和功能,长期以来商品经济理论对生产要素的单向商品化使用,造成了经济与社会、文化等非商品化属性的隔离。正如波兰尼所言,土地作为自然存在,劳动力和企业管理者作为社会人,本身并不是生产出来供销售的商品,资金使用的信用、信任和合法认可也不能作为商品去生产。因此,重新审视经济行为的目的,可以发现社会企业的发展动因。社会企业以社会企业家精神为内生动力,以企业家管理才能为社会目标通向经济行动的镶嵌通道,通过制度创新改变社会问题,并运用社会管理技术系统提升社会治理效能,将组织的制度优势转化为社会治理效能,对推动良性社会运行具有积极的作用。     

The West’s Policeman? Assessing Italy’s Status in Global Peacekeeping

ABSTRACT

Since the 1960s, and especially the 1980s, Italy has participated in and led numerous peace support operations (PSOs), predominantly under the aegis of international organisations. Italy’s participation in PSOs authorised by the UN, the EU, NATO and other multilateral agreements stems from a combination of national interest and humanitarianism/multilateralism. However, although acknowledged as a significant contributor, a clear assessment of its status in global peacekeeping is still missing. In fact, Italy plays a role that is comparatively greater than all Western nations in the international fora taken into account, and, as such, can be described as ‘the West’s policeman’, from both a quantitative (number of troops) and qualitative (role within the missions) perspective. This might be somewhat curbed in the future, however, due to some of the country’s limitations on foreign policy.