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991.
Michael A. Brown Ph.D. Ann W. Bunch Ph.D. Charles Froome M.S. Rebecca Gerling B.S. Shawn Hennessy B.S. Jeffrey Ellison B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(5):1479-1485
The postmortem interval (PMI) of skeletal remains is a crucial piece of information that can help establish the time dimension in criminal cases. Unfortunately, the accurate and reliable determination of PMI from bone continues to evade forensic investigators despite concerted efforts over the past decades to develop suitable qualitative and quantitative methods. A relatively new PMI method based on the analysis of citrate content of bone was developed by Schwarcz et al. The main objective of our research was to determine whether this work could be externally validated. Thirty‐one bone samples were obtained from the Forensic Anthropology Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and the Onondaga County Medical Examiner's Office. Results from analyzing samples with PMI greater than 2 years suggest that the hypothetical relationship between the citrate content of bone and PMI is much weaker than reported. It was also observed that the average absolute error between the PMI value estimated using the equation proposed by Schwarcz et al. and the actual (“true”) PMI of the sample was negative indicating an underestimation in PMI. These findings are identical to those reported by Kanz et al. Despite these results this method may still serve as a technique to sort ancient from more recent skeletal cases, after further, similar validation studies have been conducted. 相似文献
992.
《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(1):258-261
Over the past decade, there has been a growing openness about the importance of human factors in forensic work. However, most of it focused on cognitive bias, and neglected issues of workplace wellness and stress. Forensic scientists work in a dynamic environment that includes common workplace pressures such as workload volume, tight deadlines, lack of advancement, number of working hours, low salary, technology distractions, and fluctuating priorities. However, in addition, forensic scientists also encounter a number of industry‐specific pressures, such as technique criticism, repeated exposure to crime scenes or horrific case details, access to funding, working in an adversarial legal system, and zero tolerance for “errors”. Thus, stress is an important human factor to mitigate for overall error management, productivity and decision quality (not to mention the well‐being of the examiners themselves). Techniques such as mindfulness can become powerful tools to enhance work and decision quality. 相似文献
993.
Performance management (PM) has become one of the most important reforms in the public sector in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, institutionalizing PM in the sector continues to be a major problem. Although a number of scholars continue to study the PM in the public sector from different theoretical perspectives, there has been paucity of research concerning the process of institutionalization. The few studies that have attempted to look at the process have done so from a “coercive isomorphism” perspective, especially through legislation. The lack of studies to examine the process of institutionalization has therefore created a gap, which needs to be filled. We therefore attempt to contribute to this discussion by exploring the role of institutional entrepreneurs and their impact on the development and institutionalization of PM in developing countries, with a particular focus on Ghana, a country obsessed with PM but was only able to institutionalize one in 2013 under the leadership of its Public Services Commission. How was the leadership of the PSC able to succeed where previous leaders could not? What characteristics did they display, and what strategies did they use to get things done? The research is a qualitative one. 相似文献
994.
DIETER STIERS RUTH DASSONNEVILLE MICHAEL S. LEWIS-BECK 《European Journal of Political Research》2020,59(3):646-668
Although the theory of retrospective voting receives wide support in the literature on voting behaviour, less agreement exists on voters’ time horizon when assessing the government's performance – that is, whether voters are myopic. Previous studies on voter myopia tend to focus on aggregate-level measures of the economy, or use an experimental approach. Using panel data, this article offers the first investigation into voter myopia that uses individual-level evaluations of government performance in a representative survey at several points during the electoral cycle. The study focuses on The Netherlands, but it also provide tests of the generalisability and robustness of the findings, and a replication in the American context. The results indicate that voter satisfaction early in the government's term adds to explaining incumbent voting. Thus, rather than the myopic voter, evidence is found of the abiding voter – steady at her or his post, evaluating government performance over a long length of time. 相似文献
995.
AbstractThis research addressed two main research questions: (1) Is constructive performance feedback positively related to perceived fairness of performance appraisal? (2) Does trust in supervisors mediate the relationship between constructive performance feedback and the perception of a performance appraisal as being fair? Using the 2018 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey dataset, we employed the structural equation model to analyze the relationship. Findings revealed that constructive performance feedback and trust in supervisors were positively and significantly associated with perceived fairness of performance appraisal. Further, trust in supervisors partially mediated the relationship between constructive performance feedback and perceived fairness of performance appraisal. 相似文献
996.
Sanghee Park 《Public Performance & Management Review》2020,43(2):278-303
AbstractThis study examines the diversity-performance link by focusing on two types of diversity—gender and functional—in the context of governing boards of 24 quasi-government agencies in Korea over 16?years (2000–2015). Although public management scholarship contains evidence regarding the importance of diversity in public organizations, there is little consensus on what constitutes diversity and how it affects public sector performance. This study expands the scope of dialogues by highlighting multidimensional characteristics of diversity and the contingent nature of diversity effects. Multiplicative interaction models confirm that there are distinctive effects of different types of diversity on performance, and the relationship is moderated by the size of the group to which minorities belong. While the effect of board gender diversity is limited in our data, the effect of having a female chief executive is positively significant with decreasing marginal effect as the number of board members increases. On the other hand, the relationship of functional diversity in the boardroom to agency performance is negative, while the negative marginal effect decreases and becomes positive when board size rises above a critical number. 相似文献
997.
This study assessed the Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS) based on a systematic review and synthesis of its implementation in selected Philippine national government agencies, specifically the Department of Interior and Local Government, the Department of Education, and the Commission on Higher Education. It provides an overview, discusses the cultural and administrative context, summarizes previous assessments done from 2013 to 2017, and offers recommendations. Overall, SPMS is theoretically viable but has several flaws preventing effective implementation in these agencies. To mitigate adverse effects, SPMS should be redesigned to appeal to intrinsic motivators and focus on individual improvement. Performance management processes should be streamlined, and a more agile methodology adopted. In the long term, the SPMS should be updated over time so that it aligns well with Filipino culture and the goals of the Philippine bureaucracy. 相似文献
998.
999.
温世扬 《浙江省政法管理干部学院学报》2020,34(6):5-17
合同履行制度处于整个合同法律制度的核心位置。相较于其他各国民法典,我国《民法典》合同编对合同履行规则的立法安排具有自身特点：“履行”的指向为“合同”而非“债之关系”,根据合同关系的发展过程规定“履行”,“不履行”被作为违约形态纳入“违约责任”一章。《民法典》合同编在《合同法》的基础上,对“合同的履行”作出优化法定补充规则、衔接不安抗辩权与预期违约、完善情势变更制度等实质性修改以及若干形式上的修订,同时增补了“绿色”原则、债的履行规则以及“涉他合同关系”之规范。《民法典》合同编对政府指导价格及政府定价的执行、不安抗辩权的构成、债权人原因所致债务人履行困难等规则的保留值得肯定,但“当事人变化对合同履行的影响”之规定则无必要。《民法典》合同履行规则的缺憾包括合同履行原则不合理、债的履行规则不完备、“涉他关系”之规范不适当等。 相似文献
1000.
Anna Bodyako Svetlana Ponomareva Anna Pugacheva Tatyana Rogulenko Victor Kirillov 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2023,23(3):e2856
The study purpose was to assess the impact of public sector audit on investment climate formation under the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop recommendations to improve its effectiveness. For this purpose, a multistage research project was developed with the participation of auditors from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. The project was based on the primary information obtained in the course of expert interviews. Testing the methodological approach with experts from these countries allowed proving the main study hypotheses, according to which the public sector audit has an indirect positive impact on investment climate formation. Such an audit influences the main impact factors through improving public administration efficiency, the fight against corruption, and the provision of the regulatory framework. During the testing, the main directions for improving public audit for a more favorable investment climate were formulated. The developed methodological approach makes it possible to obtain an expert assessment of the impact of the public audit on investment climate formation. At the same time, partial use of statistical methods makes it possible to replicate the study in the form of an expert interview, which increases its attractiveness for researchers in conditions of shortage of qualified interviewers. 相似文献