Greek Political Marketing Online

Abstract

The new communication system of interconnected computer networks is altering the nature of political communication in many innovative and significant ways. In Greece, the development of the Internet as a mass communication medium has a history of no more than five years, and it is far from being a fully fledged medium of political communication. With the exception of relatively few cases, the use of the Internet has been shown to increase during the pre-election campaign periods. This paper presents the results of a research project, which explores the personal Web sites of the Greek parliamentarians in an off-campaign period. The research was conducted through the systematic observation, examination, and analysis of a sample of personal Web pages owned by cross-party elected members of the Greek Parliament.     

Terrorist profiling: human rights concerns

Post-9/11, law-enforcement agencies have expanded the processing of personal data for terrorist profiles; this is actually among the very reasons why personal data are processed in the first place. De facto terrorist profiles tend to be based predominantly on the use of such criteria as ‘race’, colour, religion, or ethnic and national origin to single out persons for enhanced scrutiny. Terrorist-profiling practices, therefore, raise the question as to their conformity with the right to privacy, the protection of personal data, and the principle of non-discrimination. This article critically examines to what extent, if any, terrorist-profiling practices may be regarded as compatible with the principle of non-discrimination and the fundamental rules pertaining to the protection of personal data. For this purpose, it looks at various approaches to defining profiling in the context of countering terrorism, as well as describing de facto manifestations of terrorist-profiling practices. The conclusion is that terrorist-profiling practices all too often fail to comply with the fundamental requirement that any restrictions on the right to privacy and the protection of personal data are adequately regulated, necessary and proportionate. The so-called ethnic profiling gives rise to particularly serious problems. It tends to assume the nature of ‘racial’ profiling and, accordingly, entail discriminatory effects that can result in feelings of humiliation and stigmatisation among the targeted groups. Since the risk of further marginalisation and even radicalisation within those groups also appears to be a very real consideration, the whole necessity of ethnic profiling in the name of countering terrorism must be called into question in a contemporary democratic society built on the principles of pluralism and respect for different cultures.     

Personal rule,neopatrimonialism, and regime typologies: integrating Dahlian and Weberian approaches to regime studies

The concepts of personal rule, neopatrimonialism, sultanism and related conceptual labels have been widely used in political research, yet remain inadequately conceptualized. To make it a useful analytical category for comparative research, this article clarifies the concept of personal rule, derives its minimal definition and shows its proper genus, state authority structure. A new typological framework is advanced as an improved conceptual scheme that is able to capture variation on two salient dimensions of contemporary regimes in the developing and postcommunist worlds, the extent of political competition and the type of state authority structure.     

民法编纂背景下侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益：信息自决权——以刑民一体化及《民法总则》第111条为视角

为避免法益概念的抽象化并充分发挥法益限制处罚的机能，在已确定侵犯公民个人信息罪保护法益为个人信息权的前提下还应将之具体化。在民法编纂背景下，基于刑民一体化视角与法秩序统一性原理，并结合《民法总则》第111条的规定，侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益是个人信息权中的信息自决权。分析欧美两大模式个人信息保护的理论源头，个人信息的使用体现出信息主体的意志力，具有赋权效果，以信息自决权作为该罪法益可突出个人信息权在理论源头上与人的尊严和自由密切相关性。基于民法要扩张刑法要谦抑的理念，侵犯公民个人信息罪所保护的也不是等同于民事权利的个人信息权，而是其中最重要的权利即个人信息自决权；以信息自决权作为侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益，正是对刑法一般性的自我决定权的丰富和发展，并能充分发挥刑法保护公民自由等个人法益之机能。信息自决权司法实践中具有甄别值得处罚的侵犯公民个人信息行为的机能。     

人格责任论对于刑事司法精神病鉴定的应用价值

目的探讨人格责任论和动机理论相结合的方法在精神障碍患者刑事责任能力鉴定中的价值。方法回顾性分析我机构2013年及2014年实施鉴定的101例精神障碍患者的刑事责任能力,分析指标包括:精神症状对人格基本特征的反映;作案动机;被鉴定人对违法行为的评价;刑事责任能力。结果不同的症状反映了人格整体性、一致性和特殊性的异常;当症状不同时,患者实施违法行为的动机也有现实和非现实的差异;人格整体性受损者不能正常和正确地评价违法行为,几乎全部人格一致性、特殊性受影响者能认识到行为的违法性;人格的完整性和一致性受影响者刑事责任能力不完全;人格特殊性受影响者为完全刑事责任能力。结论人格责任论与动机理论相结合应用于精神障碍患者的刑事责任能力鉴定,有实用的临床意义。以行为人作为行动者的同一性进行界定,辨别患者对行为是"不能控制"还是"不予控制",值得在精神病司法鉴定工作中推广应用。     

初探精神鉴定中人为性鉴定失误行为

目前,我国尚无统一的精神卫生法,关于鉴定人员在鉴定中的行为,缺少相应的法律规范。而由于各种原因所致,鉴定中时有“人为性鉴定失误”现象发生。致使精神正常人被错关入院的案例不断出现。文章对该现象出现的原因、该不当行为的违法性,进行具体分析。并提出关于消除该现象的个人观点。以期能对未来我国精神卫生法的制定有所启发。     

论我国个人信息权的刑法保护

《刑法修正案(七)》增设了关于侵犯公民个人信息权的新罪名,揭开了个人信息权刑法保护的序幕。我国个人信息权刑法保护立法方面不可避免地存在一些不足之处,需要从以下几个方面予以完善:犯罪主体范围需要进一步扩大;犯罪客观方面需要进一步完善;法定刑配置方面需要区别对待。     

论公民权的法律保护——从权利与权力的辩证关系切入

当代中国,国家权力推动社会转型,权力对于个人自由和权利的保护起着关键作用。应当建立规范权力运作、强化权力责任的法律制度。与公民权理论与实践的最新发展相一致,中国的公民权法律制度也应当注意＂超越个人主义＂、＂权力适度参与＂和＂全球化发展＂的因素,通过提升利益主张的公共品质、改革政府治理模式,保护公民权利。     

个人言语风格识别应用于案件侦查

个人言语风格具有差异性、稳定性、反映性,在案件言语材料中能反映出制作人社会属性和个人属性。实践中,检材言语材料和样本言语材料达到一定条件后,侦查技术人员可通过个人言语风格识别,确定侦查破案的范围及方向,最终确定作案人。