禁止儿童乞讨的法经济学分析

分析和解决社会问题有多种进路。法经济学仰仗其强大的解释力和不断自我升级的活力,为分析社会问题提供了一种新颖实用的视角。我们可以运用法经济学的分析范式研究禁止儿童乞讨的问题。儿童乞讨问题受到社会各界广泛关注。有人建议立法干预,甚至全面禁止儿童乞讨。通过法经济学的视角可以剖析儿童乞讨问题的社会根源,并就制度设计过程中需要界清的有关概念以及各种社会成本与收益进行分析,进而按照法经济学的评价体系对各种主张进行考察,从技术层面与国际比较的层面上对禁止儿童乞讨作出制度设计或改进方面的具体分析与建议。     

Privacy and the regulation of 2012

This paper explores the European Commission’s proposal for a new Regulation to update and reform data protection law in Europe. As regards the Regulation itself, without presenting an exhaustive analysis of all the provisions, this paper aims to highlight some significant changes proposed to the data protection regime by comparison between Directive 95/46 and the proposed Regulation. It takes particularly into account legislative innovation concerning data protection principles, data subjects’ rights, data controllers and data processors obligations, and the regulation of technologies. Before analyzing these innovations, it introduces some considerations about the Commission’s choice to use a Regulation instead of a Directive to harmonize national data protection regime.     

厅局级领导干部的培训需求与教学设计

厅局级领导干部是党的执政骨干和改革开放现代化建设的中坚力量。建设一支高素质的厅局级领导干部队伍，各级干部培训机构责无旁贷。为了有效提高厅局级领导干部的自身素质，中国井冈山干部学院组织专门力量，开展了深入细致的需求调研，准确把握了该群体的组织需求、岗位需求和个人需求，并以此为依据进行了教学设计：把理论武装放在首位，努力提升思想正能量；将党性教育作为永恒主题，突出学院的教学优势；完善能力本位培训，坚持学以致用、学用相长。     

《中文速录》课程的教学设计研究——以辽宁公安司法管理干部学院为例

通过对辽宁公安司法管理干部学院书记官专业《中文速录》课程的分析,阐述了目前书记官专业《中文速录》课程教学设计方面存在的问题并提出解决办法,以期为《中文速录》课程教学改革起到一定的推动作用。     

邓小平设计改革开放的战略思维及其当代中国的继承和发展

邓小平谋划改革开放的战略思维，显示了总设计师的卓越智慧。战略思维奠定邓小平的改革开放总设计师地位。战略思维的个人特质时时处处展现在邓小平设计改革开放的思想过程中。把握全局、统筹兼顾、协调平衡、后发持续的思维，形成邓小平战略意识的鲜明特点。中国共产党领导革命、建设和改革都离不开战略思维，历届党中央领导重视战略思维的思想一脉相承。党的十八大后新一届党中央形成了加强顶层设计的新思维，这是当代中国发展中对邓小平战略思想的继承和发展，推进全面深化改革必须提高进行战略思维的能力。     

Voting at 16: Intended and unintended consequences of Austria's electoral reform

Several democracies are currently debating whether to lower their legal voting age to 16, but relatively little is known about the long-term consequences of such reforms. We contribute to this debate by studying electoral habit formation among 16-year-old voters in Austria, where the national-level voting age was decreased in 2007. We employ eligibility-based regression discontinuities to evaluate two consequences of the reform. First, we show that eligible 16-year-olds are more likely to vote in future elections. Second, we demonstrate that the political consequences of this reform were not neutral. Newly eligible young voters are more likely to place themselves towards the extremes of the ideological spectrum. We also simulate the cumulative long-term impact on electoral outcomes and argue that the reform was costly for the centrist government parties that initially adopted it.     

Crucial Factors in Implementing Radical Policy Change: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Nordic Central Agency Relocation Programs

Abstract

Why do public policies succeed or fail? The aim of this article is to contribute to answering this enduring research question in policy research through a comparative study of the variable efforts by Nordic governments to relocate their central agencies from the capital regions over a period of several decades. This was a radical redistributive policy program premised on a policy instrument – coercion – which was very alien to political systems characterized as consensual democracies. Hence, it is no surprise that only two out of seven relocation programs of any substance were successful. The really intriguing research question here is how any relocation program was achievable at all in a policy context where this was very unlikely. A broadly based multi-theoretical analytical framework linking interest groups, institutions, human agency in the form of policy entrepreneurship/design and situational factors is employed to solve this research puzzle. Findings from this study offer important contributions to the following research fields: comparative public policy, radical policy change and most specifically the so-called third generation of public policy implementation research.     

The Australian Public Service and Policy Advising: Meeting the Challenges of 21st Century Governance

This concluding article summarises the case study findings comprising the Special Issue on ‘Advising Australian Federal Governments: Assessing the Evolving Capacity and Role of the Australian Public Service’, identifies and discusses cross‐cutting issues, and considers strategic implications for future practice and research. It reviews key findings from six case studies – Treasury, Prime Minister and Cabinet, Intergovernmental Relations, Housing, the BER Stimulus program, and Defence – and assesses the policy advising capacity of the Australian Public Service, with a focus on the policy‐political interface between governments and officials. Putting recent experience in historical context, it considers the performance of the Commonwealth's policy advisory system, the impact of prime ministers and centralisation, the link between advising and analytic capacities, the system's resilience and readiness, whether recent dissatisfaction over APS advising reflect lack of capacity or a culture clash, and the responsibility for ensuring high‐quality policy advice. It recommends developing a more systematic approach to assessing policy advising capability, building on recent APS reforms.     

Land and Water Institutions in the Blue Nile Basin: Setups and Gaps for Improved Land and Water Management

This study undertook an assessment and gap analysis of the institutional arrangements for improved land and water management in the Tana and Beles Sub‐basins highlands of the Blue Nile Basin. We explored the mandates and design features of the major land‐ and water‐related institutional arrangements. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a literature review were used in the analysis. The results of our work reveal that a lot of progress has been made in creating an institutional framework for improved land and water management and the policies and laws hitherto developed reflect global policy changes consistent with the widespread adoption of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) principles. There are also cases where informal institutions replace formal institutions. Judged by their enforcement, the water resources management, pollution control standards, and regulations and land use rights are not enacted effectively because of poor enforcement capacity. Overall there is a tendency to focus on command‐and‐control type policies. There is a need to strengthen traditional institutions by drawing lessons from their strengths and establish the legitimacy of these institutions. There is also a need to improve formal policy design, developing policies with specific objectives, goals, targets, and overall institutional changes and resources through active adaptive management to maximize the level and effectiveness of institutional learning. Finally, more focus needs to be given to incentive‐based policies through increased use of positive incentives and more emphasis needs to be given to self‐enforcement rather than third‐party enforcement.     

流域水资源配置的机制设计初探

水资源配置机制的不完善制约着资源的使用效率,从而使得我国各地区出现了不同程度的水资源短缺.我国水短缺不仅是资源短缺,同时也是配置机制的短缺.围绕如何设计水资源的配置机制这一主线,运用机制设计理论,构建了流域水资源的配置的机制,即为（B,Π,μ）,该机制为不完全信息下的一个博弈;进一步提出了显示机制,并证明若每个用户给定的是真实需水信息,则直接机制（P,M）就为一均衡,该机制满足激励相容和个人理性,从而能有效地改善用水主体的经济效益.