贵州省实施“生态建设与扶贫富民工程”调查报告

贵州是中国生态环境最为脆弱的省区之一。根据贵州的实际区情 ,建议国家应将贵州作为全国生态建设投资的重点省区 ,以确保“生态建设与扶贫富民工程”的顺利实施。为此 ,针对贵州生态建设存在的主要问题 ,我们认为今后应在充分发挥长期形成的生态建设经验模式基础上 ,采取相应的有效措施 ,推动土地利用结构调整 ,完善“四荒”拍卖政策体系 ,尽快建立生态建设评估机制 ,积极开发地方绿色农副产品 ,大力发展民族区域经济和本土化特色经济 ,开发环保替代产业和增加就业 ,以切实推动解决贵州的生态环境可持续发展问题。     

解决中国就业问题的政策建议

解决当前的就业问题主要从以下几个方面入手:将扩大就业作为宏观经济政策的优先目标;利用政策工具促进就业的增加;实施城镇化战略,为农业大量剩余劳动力转移创造条件;发挥第三产业吸纳劳动力就业的优势;大力发展小企业,促进就业岗位的增加;加强教育和职业培训,强化就业服务;大力发展社区服务业,推动社区就业的增加。     

中国古代法中的禁榷因素——以禁榷对刑事政策的影响为例

中国传统的禁榷制度对国家财政、人民生活乃至整个中国法律传统都有深刻的影响。禁榷制度的实行导致了中国古代大量的行政犯,相关刑事政策非常残酷;禁榷制度还极大压缩了古代民众的民商事活动空间,抑制了自由平等的民事契约精神。     

刑事政策对刑事司法裁判权的弱化与分离

刑事政策的概念可以界定为：国家社会以人道主义为宗旨对已然犯罪人战略的、宏观的和战术的、微观的被动处置措施。刑事政策在客观上不以人的意志为转移地对刑事司法裁判权进行了弱化与分离,这是现代社会民主与法治框架内的国家权力的正常分流。     

The coordinate plane of global governance

The ‘coordinate plane of global governance’ developed in this paper describes the trade-off between static gains and dynamic losses associated with international policy harmonization. A simple model illustrates how potential gains result from producing positive international spill-overs, whereas potential losses come from restricted systems competition between national policy regimes. The solution to this model allows identifying the cut-off level between policies suitable for global harmonization and policies which should better not be centralized. An application of the concept to selected policy fields illustrates its relevance for decision-making on global governance.

基于信息不对称的政策执行分析

政策执行问题一直困扰着政策制定者,在影响政策执行的众多因素中,信息不对称无疑是不可忽视的因素之一,它通常干扰着政策的顺利执行,对这种干扰的认识将有助于我们提前采取若干措施来抑制信息不对称产生的种种不利影响。     

Universities and State Policy Formation: Rationalizing a Nanotechnology Strategy in Pennsylvania

Technology‐based economic development programs have become a salient feature of the state policy landscape since the 1980s. While much research exists on the topic, little attention has been given to the processes of policy formation. State programs have moved towards high technology areas emphasized at the federal level over the past decades, and nanotechnology became one of the latest targets. This paper examines the eight‐year process through which Pennsylvania adopted a “state‐wide strategy,” culminating in the Pennsylvania Initiative for Nanotechnology. In this process, programs that responded to the interests of multiple agents came first, and a state policy was formulated after the fact. This pattern of “rationalized policy formation,” as opposed to rational policy formation, may be more common than suspected. Its strengths and weaknesses in this Pennsylvania case are discussed.     

城市弱势群体贫困的政策分析

城市弱势群体的贫困问题在世界各国都是普遍存在的。如由于农村人口涌入城市形成贫民窟、因为经济不景气导致大量失业等等。但我国城市贫困的形成原因却有所不同,我国城市贫困问题的主要原因是社会转型时期政策失误。具体表现为相关政策的缺位以及已有政策中存在的诸多不合理。     

Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A Poliheuristic Perspective

This paper applies the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making to non-democratic states. Poliheuristic theory asserts that state leaders assign primary importance to their political survival; however, the meaning of "the political" varies dramatically from country to country. Furthermore, the types of actors who hold leaders politically accountable also vary between countries. Consequently, leaders often pursue vastly different means of ensuring their political survival. The author uses the common distinction between single-party, military, and personalist autocracies to show that apparently arbitrary differences in autocratic leaders' political concerns actually vary in systematic and potentially predictable ways. Because this argument is generalized to non-democratic states as a whole, it has important implications for the ways in which democratic states craft their policies toward autocracies.     

论农民工子女义务教育政策有效执行的路径选择

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快和"民工潮"的涌现,农民工子女接受义务教育的问题日益突出,尽管国家已经出台了很多相关政策来保障农民工子女接受教育的权利,但从实际执行情况来看,效果并不明显.我们认为,有效推进农民工子女的义务教育政策的实际执行效果有以下一些主要的现实路径:完善教育政策,提高政策的权威性和严密性;明确政府职责,建立权力分配体制;消除城乡差别,开发新的教育资源;实现制度创新,消除执行中的梗塞;采用各种资金筹措手段,保证农民工子女教育资金的落实,让农民工子女从此可以沐浴"教育公平"的阳光.