论我国文化产业政策的缺失及完善途径

我国文化产业政策对推动文化产业发展发挥了积极作用,但依然存在着一些亟待改进的问题.除了客观因素外,政策制定者认识上的偏差和政策体制设计的缺陷是主要原因。完善我国的文化产业政策,需要全面把握文化产业的战略地位,不断深化对文化产业发展规律的认识,完善我国的文化产业决策体制,实现决策过程的科学化、民主化和法制化。     

论明初中央政府治藏政策的调适与定型

明初中央政府治藏方略经历了"多封众建"、"以教固政"两个阶段,反映出治藏的步骤,首先明确了藏区是其治下的一部分,然后不断完善管理藏区的办法,实质上亦是其治藏政策的调适与定型的历史过程,之所以如此,一方面是明王朝的自身实力与当时的历史背景所决定的,另一方面表明明王朝对藏区社会认识与了解有一个不断深化的过程。     

Economic Reform and Social Change in China: Past, Present, and Future of the Economic State

China's socioeconomic crisis before 1978 and its success over the past two decades can be viewed as a zigzag process of politicization and depoliticization of the economic state. By summarizing the Chinese experience, this article shows the importance of a specific pattern of general public policy (GPP) in determining the nature of a policy system. China's economic and serialized reforms since 1978 are reviewed in order to illuminate the current situation and future direction of the nation. The changes have undermined the economic state by creating a trend of de-economicization in the Chinese government. If economic reform and social change are to continue smoothly, another transfer of state emphasis to more balanced development is required.     

世界银行的环境保护政策及其对我国的启示

世界银行的环境保护政策包括五个方面,即:环境评价、大坝安全、林业、自然栖息地和病虫害管理。世界银行的环境保护政策对我国的启示如下:一是树立新的发展理念;二是做好国际融资项目的环境影响评价工作;三是完善《环境影响评价法》,增强环境影响评价的独立性和权威性。     

“三农”政策执行中的障碍及克服路径

现阶段我国“三农”政策执行的障碍主要表现在:基层政府执行“三农”政策不力;农民表现被动;所需物质基础不牢固,等等。究其原因,主要在于作为政策执行的主体——基层政府有其内在局限性,农民的素质和组织化程度还不是很高,政策执行所需资源不足,政策执行机制存在弊端等。为此,要选择合适的路径来克服这些障碍性因素。     

What work makes policy?

The mainstream policy literature identifies a number of activities as part of ‘policy-making’: ‘policy analysis’, ‘policy advice’, ‘decision-making’, and perhaps also ‘implementation’ and ‘evaluation’. Describing policy in these terms is compatible with the Western cultural account, and these terms tend to be applied to positions, organisational segments and official procedures. But policy practitioners tend to find that on the one hand, their experience of their work bears little resemblance to the assumptions in this policy-making model, and on the other, that policy outcomes seem to reflect much broader processes than the work of specialist functionaries. On closer examination, we find that our thinking about policy activity draws on several distinct and potentially conflicting perspectives, and that what is seen as ‘policy work’ depends on the conceptualisation of the policy process. Framing the question in this way helps to understand the apparent differences between mainstream (American) accounts of policy activity and policy practice in other political systems.     

Investments in Global Warming Mitigation: The Case of “Activities Implemented Jointly”

This paper examines bilateral cooperation between developed countries (home country) and developing countries (host country) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance carbon dioxide sinks. With the home-host country pair as the unit of analysis, our logistic regression model examines 158 Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) investment projects from 1993 until 2002 across 2541 country-pairs. Because the marginal costs of reducing emissions may be lower in developing countries, the AIJ projects served as a policy laboratory to assess whether such investments might be advantageous to both countries in the event future regimes allowed emission credits from such bilateral projects. Instead of investing in home countries where maximum pollution reductions (or carbon sequestration) might be possible, home countries invest in locations where they can conduct their policy experiments at low transaction costs. Prior trade and aid relationships were used as a proxy. Regarding energy projects, location decisions are driven by home countries’ desire to reduce air pollution that they receive from abroad. Geography – proximity of a host country to a home country – in interaction with host country's coal production, is a very important driver of location decision in AIJ energy sector projects. Location of sequestration projects is impacted by the host country's potential for avoiding deforestation as well as by previous aid and trade patterns between a home and a host country. Proximity is not important in this case.     

加强社会新阶层思想政治工作的政策选择

社会转型时期,我国社会新阶层在思想政治方面出现了许多新问题、新矛盾。我们必须正确认识这些问题,深入分析其原因,有针对性地提出相应的解决办法,做出切合实际的政策选择。     

公共政策过程中的公民参与

公民参与公共政策是实现公民政治权利的过程,公民参与在政策的制定、实施、评估、监督和控制各环节中都可实现。有关公民参与公共政策在质量、成本、秩序、条件等方面存在问题的看法是片面的。