"控权-平衡"--俄罗斯联邦行政法的理论基础

苏联解体后,俄罗斯行政法律制度发生了巨大变革,其行政法理论基础也出现了由传统的"管理论"到现代"控权-平衡"论的转变.俄罗斯行政法理论基础的"控权-平衡"论既不同于英美国家行政法的"控权法"模式,也不同于中国行政法学界所提出的"平衡法"模式,还有别于苏维埃行政法的"管理法"模式.俄罗斯行政法理论基础"控权-平衡"论的形成体现出对苏联行政法理论基础"管理论"的继承性,形成过程的动态性,受两大法系行政法理念影响的混合性的特点.     

扩大有序政治参与推进社会主义政治文明建设

古往今来 ,政治文明由低到高 ,渐次更新 ,政治文明演进依赖于社会自身的力量。公民的政治参与构成政治文明建设的基础力量。在改革、发展的今天 ,政治参与的基础进一步扩大 ,参与渠道逐渐多样化和制度化 ,公民参与行为日趋活跃 ;同时 ,我国今天的政治参与还不成熟、不完备 ,必需以培育民主意识为先导、以政治体系制度创新为重点、以公民社会成长为契机 ,进一步扩大有序的政治参与 ,推进政治文明建设。     

政党现代化之探讨

实现党的现代化,要坚持改革创新,代表人民利益,健全民主集中制,培养选拔年轻干部,了解和借鉴其他国家政党的经验。     

从《工会法》修正案谈我国工会的职业化

西方市场经济国家将工会定义为代表工人利益的职业团体 ,而我国工会更多的带有政治团体的色彩。无论是从工会组织的宗旨上考察 ,还是从工会性质上分析 ,我国工会都应该主要定位于职工的职业团体 ,走职业化的道路。《工会法》修正案在这方面迈出了重要的一步 ,但还不彻底。     

试论公安思想政治工作全面"提速"

要适应加入WTO的新形势 ,公安工作必须“提速” ,但其前提是公安思想政治工作必须“提速”。这就要注重思想观念上有新突破 ,运行机制上有新构建 ,破解时代课题上有新探索 ,工作主体上有新优化。     

努力成为勇于和善于创新的典范

要使党和国家的事业不停顿 ,必须推进理论创新 ,伟大的变革时代和中华民族的伟大复兴迫切需要理论创新。     

保持艰苦奋斗政治本色承担建设小康社会历史重任

艰苦奋斗精神是中国共产党人的优良传统和政治本色。艰苦奋斗是党的基本经验之一 ,是我们取得新民主主义革命胜利、进行社会主义革命和建设、不断前进的强大精神力量 ,是由党的基本纲领、党的性质和党的宗旨所决定的 ,是同人民群众保持血肉联系的重要法宝 ,是保持党的先进性、使党立于不败之地的思想保障和思想脊梁。艰苦奋斗关系到中华民族的生存、发展、自立、自强。我们必须始终保持艰苦奋斗的政治本色 ,承担起全面建设小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史任务。     

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND VIOLENCE: A SUB‐NATIONAL TEST OF INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY*

Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory is grounded in the assumption that relatively higher crime rates in the United States are due to (1) the overwhelming influence of economic motives and institutions in society, and (2) the subjugation of all other social institutions to cultural economic interests (e.g., the American Dream). Our analysis is designed to extend the limited body of empirical research on this theory in several ways. First, we seek to test the utility of institutional anomie theory for predicting crime rates across aggregate units within the United States (counties). Second, we draw out the theory's emphasis on instrumental crime and suggest that measures of noneconomic social, political, familial, religious, and educational institutions will be particularly relevant for explaining instrumental as opposed to expressive violence. Third, in contrast to prior research, we develop conceptual reasons to expect that these factors will primarily mediate (as opposed to moderate) the relationship between economically motivating pressures and instrumental violence. Our negative binomial regression analyses of data from the Supplementary Homicide Reports and various censuses indicate that the measures of noneconomic institutions perform well in explaining both instrumental and expressive homicides, but that these measures mediate the impact of economic pressures (as measured by the Gini coefficient of family income inequality) to commit instrumental violence most strongly. Further, we find only very limited support for the more popular moderation hypothesis.     

Worker Democracy and Worker Productivity

A major source of oppression in industrial and post-industrial society is the restrictive and highly authoritarian nature of the workplace. One response is to democratize the workplace by increasing the participation of workers in making decisions and in choosing and evaluating managers as well as sharing in the ownership of the firm. These are not new ideas, and there are many examples of organizations pursuing various forms of democratic practices. However, a major objection is that such participation would compromise economic and other types of organizational productivity. This article examines the empirical support for that argument over a wide range of types of organizations in which workers participate in important decisions affecting their welfare. The overall results of this survey across many different forms of work organization suggest that the evidence supports the opposite conclusion, that worker participation increases productivity, particularly when workers share the benefits of higher productivity. The challenge is to ascertain ways of spreading these practices more widely.     

努力讲好马克思主义理论课

讲好马克思主义理论课,是繁荣发展哲学社会科学的需要,是提高党的执政能力和干部素质的需要,也是树立和落实科学发展观的需要。拓展教学内容,应讲清楚马克思主义的科学性、贯通性,讲清楚“三个代表”重要思想的正确性和指导性,讲清楚理论创新的紧迫性。端正教学态度,课堂面授要有认真的态度、正确的观点、丰富的材料、紧密的结合、灵活多样的科学方法。夯实基础,教材编写要突出马思主义的系统性、科学性、指导性、可读性、层次性。抓牢教学关键,要大幅度提高教师队伍素质。