反思与辨正：思想政治教育有效性欠佳的前提质疑

思想政治教育的有效性评价涉及三个前提：思想政治教育预期目标的设立,大众精神文明现状的评估,思想政治教育能量的认定。现实中,许多人作出思想政治教育有效性欠佳的评判,与对思想政治教育的这三个前提的认识失真密切相关。从时代与人性视角来看,当下思想政治教育的有效性,一定程度上也是可以接受的,至少不像人们想象的那么差。     

试论职务犯罪侦查人力资源配置

党的十七大明确提出了坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观。它的提出是对发展内涵、发展要义,发展本质的进一步深化认识与创新,对推动各项事业的健康发展具有重大的意义。本文试图以科学发展观为研究视角,从职务犯罪侦查人力资源优化配置的维度作为论证重点,以期构建权威、高效、公正的职务犯罪侦查机制。     

改革开放与社会主义发展新模式的形成

改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键选择。当代中国共产党人在坚持马克思主义普遍原理的基础上，大胆实行改革开放。改革开放突破了马克思主义经典作家设计的社会主义发展模式、苏联模式和自身的历史模式，开辟了中国特色社会主义发展道路，实现了社会主义发展模式的新突破。     

论私文书证明力的推定规则

私文书形式证明力的有无可以从书证的名义人真实、形式真实两个层面来判断，名义人真实可以从名义人的签章真实来推定，形式真实可以通过名义入真实来推定。在确定实质证明力方面，司法推定具有一定作用。举证人对私文书的真实负证明责任，适用推定规则时，当事人对基础事实和推定事实的证明主题和证明标准均有所区别。     

政府公共服务效能提升的对策研究

在全球化的城市体系下,世界国与国之间、城市与城市之间的竞争变得异常激烈,政府公共服务效能和质量的高低将成为影响国家和城市竞争力的重要因素,因此提升政府的公共服务效能是提升城市竞争力和政府形象的有效途径。虽然我国政府公共服务效能提升已取得一定的成效,但是与发达国家和政府的公共服务效能相比还存在不小的差距,因此应通过政府公共服务均等化、加大政府公共服务投入、建立政府公共服务绩效排行制度等措施提升政府的公共服务效能,建设真正的"服务型政府"。     

析我国公益诉讼制度

民事公益诉讼是公益诉讼的一个分支,许多国家的诉讼或相关的法律中均已有所体现。但对民事公益诉讼的理论研究在我国尚缺乏系统性,而且随着权利由个人本位向社会本位的转变,民事公益诉讼问题的系统研究将日益显得重要。检察机关的公益代表性从根本上确立其正当性,而人民主权理论和权力制约理论则从法治的高度奠定了其深层法哲学依据。通过对国内外的司法实践之比较,本文试图就民事公益诉讼制度在我国建立的必要性和可行性以及其他问题进行论述。     

Do multilingual androids dream of a better life in Australia? Effectiveness of information technology for government translation to support refugees and migrants in Australia

Without high‐quality translation of online information about government support and services, refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience a major barrier to improved health, employment, education and social outcomes. Recent advances in the ability of Google Translate, Skype Translator and other forms of machine translation that use artificial intelligence can help translate government information to better support refugees and migrants but they bring the risk of ineffective communication, and exclusion from services that could positively impact on settlement experiences and daily life. Evidence suggests that government agencies are likely to be using human translators for most translation work, but the degree to which any form of information technology is used, how it may be best applied and the associated effects are not known. This study systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed and grey literature to determine effective ways of using information technology for translating government information to refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Included studies were analysed to identify techniques and other characteristics of translation, information technology and language support more broadly, and outcomes on education, health, social and other refugee and migrant experiences relating to translated information. Our review found a small evidence base featuring studies with strong evaluation demonstrating effective forms of ‘language support’ for refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia in a broad sense. However, there is a major gap in knowledge that is contributing to barriers in the use of online government information in Australia. In particular, there is an absence of evidence demonstrating what is effective in the use of machine translation with artificial intelligence, websites and other kinds of information technology for translating government information with refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The oversight risks further excluding already marginalised groups from services and support. This paper makes a number of suggestions practitioners can take to address the issue and guidelines for future research.     

Flying solo: Explaining single-party cabinets under minority presidentialism

In recent years, the comparative literature on presidential democracy has emphasised the role of coalitional politics in attenuating the ‘perils’ facing minority presidents. Yet since the beginning of the Third Wave of democratisation in 1974, a surprising number of minority presidents have eschewed cabinet coalitions (defined minimally as the awarding of at least one portfolio to a party other than the nominal party of the president). Unipartisan governments are observed just under half of the time. What explains the adoption of single-party cabinets by minority presidents? Cross-sectional time-series analysis is employed to address this question. Hypotheses are tested that relate to the size and distribution of the formateur (presidential) and largest non-formateur parties that make up the legislature; the nature of party linkages and ideological distance between the president and possible partisan allies; and the extent of reactive veto powers held by the president.     

Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Childhood Interventions to Enhance Preschool: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Head Start Centers Enrolling Historically Underserved Populations

We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent.     

论民族地区传统知识的积极性保护机制

民族地区传统知识丰富,随着民族文化产业的兴起,急需采取积极性保护机制。积极性保护机制,是指建立类似TRIPS的传统知识保护机制,授予传统知识所有者知识产权,如专利或其他类似权利,保护的核心是授予独占权,其目的是在现有制度资源条件下尽量实现传统知识的资源权益。民族地区传统知识的积极性保护机制主要包括:地方专门法制度、传统知识数据库权、补偿性责任制度等三个层面。