EXAMINING THE GENETIC UNDERPINNINGS TO MOFFITT'S DEVELOPMENTAL TAXONOMY: A BEHAVIORAL GENETIC ANALYSIS*

In recent years, criminological research has observed an increase in studies examining different offending trajectories. Much of this research has been guided by Moffitt's (1993) developmental taxonomy of life‐course persistent offenders, adolescence‐limited offenders, and abstainers. Moffitt (1993) argued that the etiologies of these different pathways could be traced to several biosocial factors, including perhaps genetic factors. To date, research has failed to address this possibility directly. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the extent to which genetic factors explain variance in different offending patterns. Analysis of sibling pairs (N = 2,284; ages spanned between 11 and 27 years) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revealed that genetic factors contributed significantly to being classified in each of the different offending patterns. Specifically, genetic factors explained between 56 and 70 percent of the variance in being classified as a life‐course persistent offender across different coding strategies, 35 percent of the variance in being classified as an adolescence‐limited offender, and 56 percent of the variance in being classified as an abstainer. We discuss the importance of integrating genetics into future studies examining offending trajectories.     

论非法集资的证券化趋势与新调整方案

我国非法集资呈现出与广义证券投资相关的证券化趋势。现有调整非法集资的制度规范有非刑法规范与刑法规范,其中以非法吸收公众存款罪与集资诈骗罪为主的刑法调整存在明显缺陷,非法集资的制度规范需要做证券法角度的改进。解决制度性的非法集资问题,必须确立证券非公开发行融资制度标准,扩张合法融资途径,将公司企业的经营性、证券性投融资行为归于证券法调整。引导证券化民间集资关系转化为民间证券融资关系,通过证券融资的规范调整,调整民间融资的行为,用是否违反证券法作为判断民间融资行为的标准。     

云南省10个少数民族遗传分化和基因流动

目的 基于9个CODIS STR基因座(CSFIPO、FGA、THOI、TPOX、vWA、D3S1358、D5S818、D7S820和D13S317)分型数据,探寻云南地区10个主要少数民族的遗传分化及基因流动特征.方法 计算出各基因座的杂合度和分化指标F、θ、f和Gst.分别采用Phylip 3.6和Arlequin...     

证券市场零和博弈与监管有效性的法经济学分析

为避免股市赌场论,我国主流学界一直否认证券市场的零和博弈特点,只是强调证券市场对优化资源配置的良好属性。然而在现实生活中,在证券市场优化配置的理论框架下我们却无法回避为什么证券市场会存在内幕交易、虚假陈述、操纵市场等私利性行为,我们在现有理论框架下也无法解释为什么现有的监管制度不足以有效监管市场。基于学界与监管层在观点上并不接受证券市场为彼之所得为我之所失的零和博弈观点,因此我们的监管实践并不是根据零和博弈的特点对症下药,这是导致目前我国证券市场处于监管不足与监管过度两难境地的根本原因。为此,我们试图从证券市场博弈的零和性分析出发,对我国证券市场监管的制度诉求、有效监管的制约因素及制度选择的有效性在法经济学层面作番讨论,以期对我国证券监管的制度重塑提供相应的理论依据。     

I don't Agree with Nick: Retrodicting the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition

Insider and journalistic accounts of the formation in May 2010 of the Conservative‐Liberal Democrat coalition actually, although not explicitly, rely on types of explanation familiar to those who study politics. They tell us that structure (or at least the economy) was important. So too, they suggest, were institutions (timing and the rules of the game). They also stress the importance of contingency (‘events, dear boy, events’) and agency (who did and said what to whom). While none of these things were unimportant, they only served to make certain an outcome that anyone with a passing acquaintance with the theory and the practice of coalition formation would have predicted—namely a ‘minimum winning coalition’. The only thing that could have made that outcome uncertain was a fundamental ideological difference between the two parties involved; however, it quickly became apparent—to the surprise of those of us who failed to appreciate how much the Liberal Democrats had changed—that no such difference existed. Indeed, it is possible to argue that the coalition formed was not merely minimum winning but ‘minimum connected winning’. As such, its formation was not so much breathtakingly bold and exciting as pretty much inevitable. In the end, the maths and the physics mattered more than the chemistry. Fortunately for the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats seriously underplayed their hand in the negotiations, with possibly disastrous consequences for them in the long term.     

Coalition formation and polarisation

Party ideology plays an important role in determining which government coalitions form. Research on coalition formation tends to focus on the ideological distance between coalition parties. However, the distribution of preferences within the coalition, and the legislature, also has implications for which government coalition forms – that is, a party's willingness to join a coalition depends not only on its prospective coalition partners, but also on the alternative coalitions it could form. Several hypotheses about the effects of legislative polarisation are offered and tested using data on coalition formation in 17 parliamentary democracies in the postwar period. This article also demonstrates how the traditional measure of ideological divisions within coalitions fails to capture certain aspects of ideological heterogeneity within the cabinet (and the opposition) and how Esteban and Ray's polarisation index helps in addressing these deficiencies.     

构建少数民族地区社会稳定长效机制的战略意义

构建少数民族地区社会稳定长效机制,是根据少数民族地区社会关系发展规律和维稳工作规律,探索维护少数民族地区社会稳定长期效应的工作机理及其制度体系的一项重要工作。对保持少数民族地区长治久安、民族团结、经济发展与社会和谐具有重要意义。     

谈新疆少数民族吸食大麻人员焦虑心理的自我矫正

新疆消费大麻具有悠久的历史。由于大麻对各类疾病的治疗有明显的疗效,且吸食麻烟易戒断,因此,尽管不少人认识到吸食大麻成瘾会罹患精神疾病,但大麻还是在新疆少数民族百姓生活中使用较频繁。近几年来发现吸食大麻的少数民族人群中出现焦虑症状较突出,他们会经常无缘无故的、没有明确对象和内容的焦急、紧张、恐惧和不安,经常感觉到威胁即将来临,但又说不出究竟存在何种威胁或危险。中外研究成果表明吸食大麻易导致精神异常。对此类人群自身应采取增强自信、自我刺激、自我放松、自我脱敏、自我催眠、自我放松等自救措施,以通过自我矫正改变因吸食大麻而形成的焦虑心理。     

Psychological adjustment in a forensic sample: relationship with approach- and avoidance-coping typologies

Most studies that relate coping strategies with psychological symptoms usually consider a single coping dimension. This means that interpretation of the results is unclear and only partially true as subjects activate different types of coping strategies simultaneously when faced with a stressor. The objective of the present study is to analyze the relationships between coping and psychopathology in young inmates, taking into account the number of approach and avoidance answers simultaneously. The results show that the inmates with above-average scores in avoidance coping and below average in those of approach (coping responses inventory--adult form, [CRI-A]) show higher symptomatology (MMPI-2) than the inmates who obtain above-average scores in both avoidance and approach strategies. It can be deduced that it is not the high use of avoidance coping that is related to psychopathology, but rather the combined use of many avoidance strategies and few approach strategies. The convenience of jointly taking into account both types of coping is discussed.