Further reflections on the ontology of money: responses to Lapavitsas and Dodd

Abstract

The debate on the nature of money, its origins and conditions of existence has been recently taken further in separate articles in Economy and Society by Lapavitsas and Dodd. Both criticize Ingham's elaboration of Keynes's contention that the money of account is the primary concept in a theory of money. Lapavitisas reiterates and extends his Marxist analysis of money's origins as a universal equivalent in commodity exchange. This fails to explain the existence of a money of account, without which genuinely market exchange cannot take place. Dodd's claim to furnish a much-needed analytical refinement in the analysis of money, used to criticize Ingham's position, is shown to be based on a re-statement of an established and widely accepted distinction in monetary theory.     

Understanding the links between perceived prison conditions and prison staff

In the Dutch prison system, motivational treatment is seen as one of the key contributors to a dignified and humane prison climate, stimulating inmates to assume personal responsibility and to change their lives. Staff are seen as the crucial factor to attaining this goal. The assumption is that the staff’s work situation has an impact on how inmates are treated. How inmates are treated in turn influences how they perceive prison conditions. In this study, we will examine the correlations between work situation, treatment styles and perceived prison conditions by means of a multilevel linear regression. The results show that a good work situation for prison staff is a precondition for practicing an active approach to inmates. In addition, inmates are more satisfied with the prison conditions if the various treatment styles are thoroughly applied. A balance between providing support and structure for inmates appears to be very important. Motivational treatment proves to be significantly correlated to the inmates’ satisfaction regarding prison conditions.     

质疑“补办结婚登记”——对婚姻法《解释（一）》第4、5条的异议

婚姻法<解释(一)>第4、5条有不完备之处1.离婚诉讼当事人不符合结婚条件;2含有逻辑矛盾;3补办登记不易实现;4.司法人员可能借此规定徇私裁判.所以新婚姻法第8条不合理.应在限制对象、限制条件上再行具体规定.     

对经济法若干基本理论问题的重新思考

作者认为经济法在法律定位上可定义为市场条件保障法 ,其性质属于社会法的范畴。其特点是在调整目标上具有明确性和单一性、调整内容上具有经济性、调整手段上具有多样性 ;在价值取向上经济法追求的是个体利益和社会利益平衡基础之上的社会利益至上。经济法的内容和体系主要应当包括市场条件保障法、市场行为矫正法、市场行为引导法和市场行为促进法。     

美国工会现状分析

随着信息技术革命的进行和经济迅速全球化 ,美国工会的力量正逐渐减弱。但美国工会 ,尤其是劳联—产联 (AFL—CIO)仍然是美国国内一股重要的政治力量 ,它不但对美国政治经济的决策有重大影响力 ,甚至介入到国际政治经济活动中。本文通过对美国劳工部最新统计数字分析了美国工会会员现状 ,并探讨了美国工会走下坡路的原因和工会的影响手段及工会与政治的关系     

既得利益集团的形成条件探析

既得利益集团的形成是一个复杂的过程,至少离不开5个要素,同时还要取决于这5个要素的发育和关联程度。主体来源和利益目标是两个必备前提,官员政治道德逆转是形成的重要环节,制度缺陷和体制漏洞为其形成打开了通道,涉及官员的利益调整是主要契机,而官员的职业化则是孵化器。     

The Effect of Temperature and Laboratory Rearing Conditions on the Development of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Experiments were conducted to study the life cycle of Dermestes maculatus and to establish the total developmental time and the developmental time of immature stages, in relation with six different temperatures. We also analyzed the variations in size, morphology, and other indicators of temporal variation during life cycle of D. maculatus, in relation with temperature. One hundred larvae were selected per experiment, reared individually. The remaining larvae were reared to evaluate and establish temporal variations among the instars (length, cephalic width, and dry weight). In all trials, survivorship was greater than 50% and seven larval instars were found. Data of the average developmental time of immature stages and of the total cycle, at different temperatures, are provided. This is of relevance when estimating particularly, a minimum PMI. No relation between morphometric parameters and temperature was found, suggesting that other random factors may have been involved. Thus, this indicates that the method of isomegalen diagrams could not be used for calculating PMI.     

E-government and moral citizenship: the case of Estonia

The present article concerns Estonian e-government, that is, the digitalization of government and public administration, and the way e-government produces a moral citizen. Although several case studies on e-government exist, they have seldom been sensitive to the local conditions shaping the functions and social meaning of digitalization. E-government involves producing knowledge, and the present article draws on a theoretical perspective that stresses the tight relationship between knowledge and power. In Estonia, the power–knowledge regime is characterized by centralization. Centralization is the condition for a firm national e-government policy, and within this policy, an image of the unique Estonian citizenry is produced. The Estonian moral citizen who emerges out of e-government is de-politicized and detached from a social context, on the one hand, and strongly politicized and attached to a specific ethno-national community, on the other.     

论单位累犯的成立条件

单位累犯问题是近年来理论探讨的热点与难点,我国刑法并未设置单位累犯制度,国内学者多认为应在我国刑法中建构单位累犯制度,但在单位累犯的架构上理论研究仍过于浅陋。借鉴我国刑法中有关自然累犯的设置条件,单位累犯的成立条件应当包含罪过条件、刑罚条件及时距条件。     

STUDYING CRIME TRENDS: NORMAL SCIENCE AND EXOGENOUS SHOCKS*

The study of crime trends has proceeded along two paths: 1) normal science investigations of slow‐moving and tractable changes in crime rates and explanatory conditions and 2) research encounters with unexpected and abrupt changes in crime rates resulting from exogenous shocks. I draw from my research on the relationship between crime rates and changing macroeconomic conditions to illustrate the pains and pleasures of studying crime trends with the tools of normal science. I describe my exploratory investigations of the recent homicide rise in the United States to underscore the theoretical importance and methodological challenges of research on exogenous shocks to crime rates. Finally, I hope to convey to the next generation of criminologists the intellectual excitement that comes from the study of crime trends.