Reform of lawsuit system and revision of filing conditions

Currently the Civil Procedure Law stipulates rather “high conditions” for lawsuits and the reason is that in the institutional design, we have equated the conditions of adjudicating the merits with those of lawsuits and the initiation of lawsuits. The trial of conditions of adjudicating the merits are usually conducted after the beginning of lawsuits, while in China it is carried out before the beginning of lawsuits, and thus the related procedures have become a kind of “pre-lawsuit procedures”, and theoretical and institutional confusions and contradictions arise. This article is of the opinion that filing conditions should be separated from those of adjudicating the merits, and the trial of the latter should be incorporated into the proceedings. A “dual” trial structure should be constructed, that is, the trial of conditions for adjudicating the merits goes parallel with that of merit disputes. In the attempt to improve civil procedures, attention should be given to the institutionalization of conditions of adjudicating the merits, which should be reasonably designed and integrated into relevant systems. When reforming the lawsuit system, we should also adjust the courts’ trial organs. We recommend not setting up any case-filing or appeal divisions and removing the existing “separation of case-filing and trial”. __________ Translated from Law Study, No. 6, 2004     

论有限公司出资转让的条件

由于有限责任公司的人资两合性与封闭性 ,有限责任公司出资转让存在着诸多限制条件。本文从比较法的视野 ,对出资对外转让的限制条件、确定对内转让条件的必然性和可行性、出资转让约定条件的有效与否、违反条件转让的效力等问题进行了探讨 ,以期能够对完善我国现行公司立法有所帮助。     

论自首的成立条件

根据刑事立法以及自首制度建构理论,可以将我国刑法规定的自首分为一般自首、准自首和特殊自首,在此基础上剖析三类自首成立的条件以及认定方法。     

我国劳动者技能素质开发的现状及制约因素分析

我国劳动力市场供大于求,就业形势严峻。同时,我国的技术工人及高技能人才却非常短缺,而且结构不合理,这充分说明提高劳动者的技能素质是解决我国就业问题的关键。但我国在劳动者技能素质开发方面还存在着职业教育、技能型人才的考核与评价制度及技能型人才激励机制等诸多方面的制约。通过制度环境的改善,为劳动者整体技能素质的提高创造条件,可以达到缓解我国就业压力的目的。     

我国刑法中的罪过形式理论再分析－－以生产、销售不符合卫生标准的化妆品罪为视角

以故意的内部构造为视角,分析依不同的罪过形式理论而出现或可能出现的不同观点,在对各种不同的观点进行质疑的同时,追问相应观点理论前提———行为标准说与结果标准说、处罚条件说与构成结果说,可得出生产、销售不符合卫生标准的化妆品罪的罪过形式是过失的观点。     

Institutional Grievances and Right-Wing Extremism: Voting for Golden Dawn in Greece

This article examines the effect of institutional grievances on extreme right voting by using an original survey to analyse voter support for the Greek Golden Dawn (GD). The article first examines various theories of extreme-right voting and then develops the concept of institutional grievances. Using structural equation modeling, it shows that that the strongest correlates of GD voting are those capturing institutional grievances. Economic grievances have a limited and cultural grievances a moderate effect on GD voting. The article compares the findings with those of the broader literature on extreme-right voting. It concludes with some suggestions on how to link the findings with broader developments in Europe.     

医疗干涉权的法理分析

医疗干涉权作为医生的一项职业特权，因李丽云案件而引起广泛关注。对医疗干涉权的准确界定是前提条件；医疗干涉权的适用条件与原则是基础；目前我国医疗干涉权的行使存在着与患者知情同意权的对立，法律与伦理的冲突以及法律适用弊端等问题；应该从行使主体、社会环境、立法体制等方面加以改革和完善。     

试论附条件不起诉制度对未成年人刑事检察工作的影响

只有检察机关的自由裁量权能够在一个受控、宽泛的空间内正常行使，附条件不起诉制度才能够得以正确实施并发挥其应有效用。如果检察机关在司法实践中以此制度为依据，对未成年犯罪嫌疑人可能判处的刑罚随意判定，那么，附条件不起诉制度就很有可能从保障未成年人诉讼权利的一剂良药逐渐嬗变为严重破坏司法公正的一颗毒果。     

附条件合同的再认识——以英美法上的条件制度为比较对象

条件系当事人对法律行为的附款，它可分为效力附条件和义务附条件。我国应在立法上明确义务附条件制度，厘清条件与义务的关系；灵活适用“严格相符规则”，明确条件成就的标准；引入英美法上的“合理人标准”和“善意标准”，合理确定主观性条件的效力。     

逮捕必要性条件的实证考量

逮捕必要性条件在司法实践中未得到充分适用，导致逮捕率居高不下。未明确逮捕权的司法权属性和不捕后的配套保障措施不足，导致逮捕必要性条件适用率低。确立逮捕权的司法权属性，可以促进对逮捕必要性条件审查方式的改革；对监视居住和取保候审制度进行适当的改革并合理的增加其他保障措施，可完善不捕后的配套机制。