科技扶贫开发的激励政策构建

激励政策是推进科技扶贫开发的有效保障。目前,我国科技扶贫开发的激励政策还较为缺乏,很大程度上影响了科技扶贫开发的推进,准确分析、科学设置、建立健全科技扶贫开发激励政策,显得尤为重要。     

Child Poverty and Social Mobility: Taking the Measure of the Coalition's ‘New Approach’

Reviewing two of the latest reports by social mobility tsar, Alan Milburn and ‘social justice’ champion, Iain Duncan Smith, the article examines the politics and policy of the Coalition's fairness strategy and the jostling for position that is going on behind the scenes. Whilst continuing to pay lip service to the goal of ending child poverty, the government is seeking to redefine the problem, away from a narrow focus on relative low income. Beneath the rhetoric, the article highlights the close similarities between the ‘new’ and ‘old’ approaches, finding that the evidence behind the government's claims is unconvincing. Far from offering a ‘step‐change’ in provision, it concludes that in the new age of austerity the Coalition will struggle to make any positive progress on tackling poverty and improving the relative life chances of disadvantaged children.     

The impact of remittances and equivalence scales on poverty in Tajikistan

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of remittances from labour migrants on welfare, as well as the impact of the use of equivalence scales on poverty, in Tajikistan. The magnitude of remittances sent back is fairly well known from official statistics (e.g. the amount of remittances is regularly monitored by the balance of payment at the Central Bank). In 2009 a change in the flow of money from abroad occurred, and volumes dropped, but it was unknown to what extent; its impact on poverty is still officially unknown. This paper describes a project aimed at conducting a survey to investigate this impact. It would not be possible to do this kind of analysis with a traditional sample survey, since it would generate only a small selection of migrant households. Instead, the new Migration, Remittances and Poverty Survey was used, which was conducted by the Tajik State Statistical Office in August 2010 using an adaptive sampling design from a set of enumeration areas selected mainly from the 2009 Integrated Household Budget Survey (IHBS) and showing households with remittances. To evaluate the impact of equivalence scales on poverty measures, new scales have been estimated on the basis of consumption expenditure from the 2009 IHBS.     

滇桂黔石漠化片区扶贫开发路径探析——以百色石漠化综合治理和扶贫开发试验区为例

石漠化成为制约滇桂黔地区经济社会发展以及农民脱贫致富奔小康的瓶颈。我们可以推广石漠化综合治理和扶贫开发试验区的成功经验,改变传统的生产方式,加大农村产业结构调整,完善基础设施建设,加大资金扶持和投入力度,合理培训转移农村富余劳动力等综合措施,逐步实现石漠化片区的群众有稳定收入,生态不断得到保护,实现石漠化片区农村经济社会可持续发展的目标。     

西部贫困地区农村水利建设的现状与对策探讨——以广西为例

农村水利建设是西部贫困地区扶贫开发工作的重要内容。作为西部欠发达地区,广西农村水利事业在扶贫开发中取得了长足的发展,提供了可资借鉴的经验,但仍然面临着农村饮水不安全人口多、小型病险水库数量大、农业灌排设施老化失修、水环境持续恶化、水电资源无序开发等突出问题。在新一轮扶贫开发中．必须从更新观念、理顺体制、加大投入、强化队伍建设等方面予以加强。     

POVERTY,INFANT MORTALITY,AND HOMICIDE RATES IN CROSS-NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: ASSESSMENTS OF CRITERION AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY*

This article assesses the extent to which the infant mortality rate might be treated as a “proxy” for poverty in research on cross-national variation in homicide rates. We have assembled a pooled, cross-sectional time-series data set for 16 advanced nations from the 1993–2000 period that includes standard measures of infant mortality and homicide and contains information on the following commonly used “income-based” poverty measures: a measure intended to reflect “absolute” deprivation and a measure intended to reflect “relative” deprivation. With these data, we assess the criterion validity of the infant mortality rate with reference to the two income-based poverty measures. Also, we estimate the effects of the various indicators of disadvantage on homicide rates in regression models, thereby assessing construct validity. The results reveal that the infant mortality rate is correlated more strongly with “relative poverty” than with “absolute poverty,” although much unexplained variance remains. In the regression models shown here, the measure of infant mortality and the relative poverty measure yield significant positive effects on homicide rates, whereas the absolute poverty measure does not exhibit any significant effects. The results of our analyses suggest that it would be premature to dismiss relative deprivation in cross-national research on homicide, and that disadvantage is conceptualized and measured best as a multidimensional construct.     

贫穷——刘震云小说中人性异化的外因

本文通过探完刘震云小说人性异化问题产生的外部原因：对物质匮乏的困顿，对精神空虚的迷茫，以及从而导致内在心理层面上需求的不满足、欲望的膨胀、交际要求不能实现的困惑等因素进行了认真地分析，对解读刘震云的小说有一定的帮助。     

The immediate impact of the global financial crisis and neo-liberal austerity policies on in-work poverty dynamics in Lithuania

ABSTRACT

The article analyzes the extent and features of in-work poverty in Lithuania in the aftermath of the global economic crisis of 2007–2008. It argues that the significant expansion of the phenomenon during this time period was fostered by neoliberal policies that have been shaping the welfare system in the country for more than two decades. Furthermore, it draws attention to employment conditions and seeks to understand the experiences of those who live in in-work poverty. This article reveals that, during the period investigated, in-work poverty in Lithuania was associated with being a woman, having children, belonging to single-parent household, and being employed in a precarious working environment.     

我国城市贫困家庭子女的教育救助问题研究

目前,贫困家庭子女教育经费拮据、受教育程度低,教育期望与职业期望不高,并已经显现出失业率高和职业稳定性差等后果性问题。建议政府在制定教育政策和制度时,在观念上建立人力资本和社会投资的理念,在行动上策划和发展有效的职业训练方案。     

中国减贫25年的历程、经验及启示

从1978年开始至今,中国的减贫事业取得了显著成就,但中国目前仍是人均收入水平较低的发展中国家,消除贫困的任务仍相当艰巨,还需要进行长期艰苦的努力,逐步改变贫困地区经济、社会、文化的落后状况,为达到小康水平创造条件。