澳大利亚对城市弱势群体权利贫困的治理及对我国的启示

澳大利亚政府对城市弱势群依权利贫困的治理可以概括为两个方面：把提供社会保障看作政府的重要职能,用完善的社会福利网保护弱势群体权利免于贫困;用健全的法律法规保障公民各种权利。澳大利亚治理城市弱势群体权利贫困的经验对我国有着重要的启示。     

A neoliberalisation of civil society? Self-help groups and the labouring class poor in rural South India

This paper notes the prominence of self-help groups (SHGs) within current anti-poverty policy in India, and analyses the impacts of government- and NGO-backed SHGs in rural North Karnataka. It argues that self-help groups represent a partial neoliberalisation of civil society in that they address poverty through low-cost methods that do not challenge the existing distribution of power and resources between the dominant class and the labouring class poor. It finds that intra-group savings and loans and external loans/subsidies can provide marginal economic and political gains for members of the dominant class and those members of the labouring classes whose insecure employment patterns currently provide above poverty line consumption levels, but provide neither material nor political gains for the labouring class poor. Target-oriented SHG catalysts are inattentive to how the social relations of production reproduce poverty and tend to overlook class relations and socio-economic and political differentiation within and outside of groups, which are subject to interference by dominant class local politicians and landowners.     

产业扶贫缘何难以为继:目标嵌入与行动“脱嵌”--基于一个地方案例

产业扶贫在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的进程中面临难以为继的困境。以项目制为基础的产业扶贫方式使政府得以将企业作为国家资本“代理”嵌入贫困村参与扶贫;为了激发村庄的内生发展能力,地方政府以政治精英下沉嵌入和村庄内生嵌入的方式,引导扶贫干部、合作社、大户三大重要的扶贫力量参与到产业扶贫中,带动贫困村产业发展和解决贫困问题。但基层政府对“短平快”效果的追求、企业纯粹逐利进入、村庄共生关系淡化及贫困户被动的策略性接受,破坏了这种嵌入性带来的结构性转变,造成产业扶贫中产业发展与脱贫目标的靶向偏离、贫困户实际创收有限、产业扶贫难以为继,形成一种脱嵌式产业扶贫。因此须构建一套完整的对产业扶贫参与主体的监督、考核、激励机制,努力探索开发扶贫目标下农户能普遍获得资源和项目成果公平性分享的制度安排,以期实现乡村产业兴旺、农民生活富裕。     

福利的本质与公共福利的多元循义供给——兼论需求溢出理论的福利观及永续福利国家

在世界范围内,福利及社会福利的概念都存在多重内涵。需求溢出理论认为,作为不同福利概念内涵的最大公约数,福利的本质即需求保障;而属于公共事务范畴的公共福利的公共性则有实质公共性和形式公共性之分;公共福利的供给主体包括作为元主体的个人和作为衍生主体的四类广义社会组织,公共福利的供给呈现出多元路径或多元机制的嵌入式混合并用。需求溢出理论的福利观主张,我国应建立多元循义供给的永续福利国家,通过公共福利定向供给的退出机制使有劳者的福利总水平(私人福利+公共福利)始终高于不劳者的福利总水平,从而在为民众提供高品质的公共福利的同时,避免落入西方传统福利国家的养懒人陷阱。     

当代资本主义的变化与工会的作用

20世纪末的当代资本主义已不同于传统的早期资本主义 ,还具有调节生产力同生产关系、经济基础同上层建筑矛盾的能力 ,生产关系暂时还有容纳生产力发展的空间 ,工会已成为当代资本主义制度下的重要的社会平衡力量。     

我国贫困人口医疗救助:制度的模式选择和对策的内在逻辑

与我国经济社会发展所取得的成就相比,贫困人口医疗救助问题日益突出。因此,对贫困人口医疗救助制度应选择何种模式,在实施医疗救助时应具备什么样的客观条件,政府应该承担怎样的责任并蕴含怎样的内在价值等一系列问题的探讨和研究就构成了贫困人口医疗救助对策的内在逻辑。     

融资扶贫方式整合分析——兼论云南融资扶贫的现实选择

从融资方式多元化角度来看 ,融资扶贫的根本出路 ,在于融资制度整合。只有对扶贫筹集和使用制度进行整合 ,才能为扶贫提供可持续的资金支持 ,进而真正提高资金的使用效率     

Resident-Owned,Informal Mobile Home Communities in Rural California: The Case of Rancho Don Antonio,Coachella Valley

California's farmworkers are among the lowest-paid wage earners in the state. They often live in crowded or substandard housing. The Polanco Bill—state legislation enacted in the early 1990s—aimed to increase the supply of housing for farmworkers by encouraging the development of employee housing on land zoned for agriculture. This article discusses the implementation and effects of the Polanco Bill in the agricultural area of the eastern Coachella Valley. It finds, somewhat unexpectedly, that groups of farmworkers, often family members, have used the bill to collaborate and develop small, resident-owned, informal mobile home communities, called polancos, and focuses on one such case. Although the article's key contribution is to identify the informal approach and its key attributes, it also discusses whether a new housing model based on the collectively owned polancos is possible.     

西部民族贫困地区反贫困路径选择辨析——基于空间贫困理论视角

西部民族贫困地区面临的反贫困问题是一个复杂的系统工程,它涉及到政治、经济、民族、宗教、历史、文化等方方面面。基于空间贫困理论视角,探讨西部民族贫困地区反贫困进程中各种反贫困路径选择所存在的问题,并借鉴国内外一些成功经验提出初步建议,以期能为西部民族贫困地区的反贫困路径选择提供一种符合实际的参考。