参议院选举后的日本政党政治

日本第22届参议院选举后,由于民主党与国民新党组成的执政联盟丧失了在参议院的多数席位,“扭曲国会”再次出现,致使日本政党政治的局面曼趋复杂。综合运用计量分析和实证描述方法,通过权力、制度、选民3个层面,以政权运营的状况、选举的非代表性缺陷、选民偏好和舆论影响为视角对参议院选举后的日本政党政治进行全面分析,将有助于深刻理解当前日本政党政治的生态环境及其发展路径。     

论民事主体结构的重建——以类型化为视角

民事主体是民事立法不可或缺的重要内容。建什么样的民事主体结构,该结构是否科学,直接关系到民事立法的成败。当前学界的观点往往是从历史的角度而不是从方法论的角度来研究和构建自己的民事主体结构,显得有所偏废。鉴于此,从方法论的角度对民事主体进行类型化研究有着重要的理论和实践价值。本文以类型化为视角,在评价现有民事主体结构理论的基础上,通过对民事主体本质和“类似性”认定的阐述,提出重建民事主体结构的“一环四分说”,以期有助于民事主体的多维度研究。     

析《红楼梦》中丫环晴雯深得读者偏爱的原因

《红楼梦》中丫环晴雯在众多人物中脱颖而出,并深得读者偏爱。她具有神秘的身世,脱俗的美丽,独特的个性,以及她机警、聪明和高超的才艺。本文论述了在《红楼梦》众多人物、众多小姐丫环,以及错综复杂的情节当中,晴雯是怎样脱颖而出,如何深得读者的偏爱。     

PEER SIMILARITY IN DELINQUENCY FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FRIENDS: A COMPARISON USING TWO MEASUREMENT METHODS*

Peer similarity in delinquency has been studied extensively. But basic questions remain about measuring peer delinquency and how important the nature of relationships with delinquent peers is. This article uses data from the NSCR School Project, which has collected unusually detailed information about delinquent peers and the social networks of adolescents. We examine differences in the roles of regular friends and best friends with regard to peer similarity in delinquent behavior. We also contrast two methods of measuring peer delinquency: the conventional one of asking respondents about their peers, and the social network method, by which peers report about themselves. The results show that respondents can have best and regular friends who differ in their degree of delinquency, and that the association between respondent and peer delinquency does not differ much between friends and best friends. At the same time, our results suggest that both types of peers influence the level of respondent delinquency. Measures based on the direct network method resulted in higher estimates of peer delinquency, but in lower estimates of the association between respondent and peer delinquency.     

Explaining national preferences on the new European banking policy framework: the case of Lithuania

Utilising the Lithuanian case, this article analyses what determines a country’s position on the transfer of national competency over banking policy to the EU level. In contrast to dominant explanations in scholarly literature, this article argues that Lithuania’s support for the banking union can be explained by the general pro-European orientation of the political system in the context of ambiguous aggregate economic costs and the benefits of the new institutional framework. In 2013, the EU Presidency also positively affected Lithuania’s stance. Finally, the decision about when to join the banking union was subordinated to the process of euro accession.     

Is Putin’s popularity real?

Vladimir Putin has managed to achieve strikingly high public approval ratings throughout his time as president and prime minister of Russia. But is his popularity real, or are respondents lying to pollsters? We conducted a series of list experiments in early 2015 to estimate support for Putin while allowing respondents to maintain ambiguity about whether they personally do so. Our estimates suggest support for Putin of approximately 80%, which is within 10 percentage points of that implied by direct questioning. We find little evidence that these estimates are positively biased due to the presence of floor effects. In contrast, our analysis of placebo experiments suggests that there may be a small negative bias due to artificial deflation. We conclude that Putin’s approval ratings largely reflect the attitudes of Russian citizens.     

私募股权投资中投资人几个特殊权利在中国法下的运用

在私募股权投资中,对投资人投资收益以及投资人顺利退出影响重大的投资人权利包括优先分红权、优先购买权、优先认股权、保护性条款、反稀释、清算优先权、领售权、参售权、知情权和检查权。本文结合中国的法律实践对其中特别重要的三项特殊权利,即优先认股权、清算优先权、领售权在中国法下的合法性及可能性进行了分析。     

环境激发吗啡CPP复燃大鼠杏仁核PSD-95的表达

目的检测吗啡条件性位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)复燃大鼠杏仁核突触后致密质-95(PSD-95)的表达,探讨其在吗啡成瘾中对记忆的影响。方法 SD大鼠32只,随机分为吗啡依赖组(MD)、吗啡CPP消退组(ME)、环境激发组(MR)和对照组(N)。建立吗啡CPP模型,自然消退后,通过环境诱发CPP复燃,应用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法,观察检测激发组大鼠杏仁核PSD-95蛋白和mRNA表达,并与依赖组、消退组、对照组进行比较。结果吗啡CPP环境激发组、吗啡CPP消退组和对照组比较,杏仁核PSD-95的表达明显增加,具有高度显著性差异(P<0.01);吗啡依赖组与对照组比较,PSD-95的表达明显降低,具有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论吗啡CPP环境激发组大鼠杏仁核PSD-95表达明显增高,PSD-95可能参与了成瘾记忆。     

优先股之无表决权质疑

认为优先股无表决权的观点在理论上和实践中均无法成立。优先股与表决权并不存在必然关系,既存在无表决权的优先股,也存在有表决权的优先股。优先股的表决权有两种立法模式,一是授权公司决定模式,二是法定无表决权模式,优先股有无表决权既取决于其所处的法域,叉受到当事人约定的影响。授权公司决定模式较法定无表决权模式为优,应是我国优先股立法的理想选择。     

裁判上之类比推论辨析

裁判上类比推论的妥当性,取决于裁判者对类比点的选择,以及如何确定被比较个案的特征。与一般类比不同的是,裁判者必须考察法规范所隐含的价值判断,运用评价才能展开法律上的类推。因此,虽然类推适用具有逻辑推论的形式,但其实质是一种可辩驳的论辩性论证。类比推论的关节和难点,是规范事实和个案事实之间的"相似性"判断,这需要裁判者观照构成要件理论和类型理论,综合各种与类推相关的司法技术,在规范与事实、方法与结果之间寻求一种反思性平衡。