Mapping Urban Revitalization: Using GIS Spatial Analysis to Evaluate a New Housing Policy

This longitudinal, multimethod study uses geographical information system (GIS) software to evaluate the community-wide impact of a neighborhood revitalization project. Unsystematic visual examination and analysis of GIS maps are offered as a complementary tool to quantitative analysis and one that is much more compelling, meaningful, and effective in presentation to community and nonscientific professional audiences. The centerpiece of the intervention was the development of a new, middle-class housing subdivision in an area that was declining physically and economically. This represents three major urban/housing policy directions: (1) the emphasis on home ownership for working-class families, (2) the deconcentration of poverty through development of mixed-income neighborhoods, and (3) the clean up and redevelopment of contaminated, former industrial brownfields. Resident survey responses, objective environmental assessment observations, and building permit data were collected, geocoded at the address level, and aggregated to the block level on 60 street blocks in the older neighborhoods surrounding the new housing in two waves: during site clearing and housing construction (Time 1: 1993–95) and three years post-completion (Time 2: 1998–99). Variables mapped include (a) Time 1–2 change in self-reported home repairs and improvements, (b) change in the assessed physical condition of yards and exteriors of 925 individual residential properties, (c) change in residents' home pride, and (d) a city archive of building permits at Time 2. Physical conditions improved overall in the neighborhood, but spatial analysis of the maps suggest that the spillover effects, if any, of the new housing were geographically limited and included unintended negative psychological consequences. Results argue for greater use of GIS and the street block level in community research and of psychological and behavioral variables in planning research and decisions.     

Local Politics Online: The Influence of Presumed Influence on Local Politicians’ Online Communication Activities in Germany

Abstract

How extensively local politicians use online media to communicate with others and the factors that influence their online activities have rarely been examined. In particular, it is unknown whether local politicians use online media more extensively when they believe that online media has a strong political influence on others. To examine this, a standardised survey among German local politicians was conducted (n = 608). The results showed the following: The stronger the politicians perceive the influence of facebook and Twitter on journalists to be, the more extensively they spread information via these social media networks. However, the presumed influences on the public or on other politicians do not affect those online activities. Thus, local politicians apparently do not pursue a disintermediation strategy – they do not try to bypass journalism by directly addressing the public. Rather, journalists seem to be an important target group for local politicians’ online communication efforts.     

Municipality size,political efficacy and political participation: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

It is an old adage that local government is a training ground for democracy. Its human scale means that political amateurs can contribute effectively and meaningfully to the politics of a state. But in a political climate seemingly driven to consolidate local government into ever larger units, can a not so local local government still elicit an efficacious and participatory citizenry? This paper explores the effect of municipality population size on two important aspects of democratic culture: political efficacy and political participation. Via a two-part systematic review, the paper examines how extant empirical literature bears on the relationship between size and both of these aspects, hypothesising that political efficacy plays a mediating role between size and participation. The findings are unequivocal: citizens of smaller municipalities feel a greater sense of political efficacy and participate to a greater degree in local politics.     

UCP500的若干适用问题研究

《跟单信用证统一惯例》 1993年修订本 (简称UCP5 0 0 )是国际商会为规范各国跟单信用证业务而颁布的国际惯例 ,较之以前版本有了许多改进 ,但未涉及司法管辖权与准据法 ,不利于维持并增强统一惯例的权威性 ,本文对其改进的特点作了分析 ,并对司法管辖权有关问题作了探讨 ,此外还对有关信用证修改的问题作了一些浅显的论证。     

论宪法的超验性价值

到底应该建立什么样的违宪审查制度以切实保障宪法的效力 ,这是近几年来学者们一直比较关注的问题。本文认为 ,制度建设不可能完全脱离观念的支撑 ,对宪法超验性价值的忽视有可能导致宪政制度的建设陷入无源之水的境地。在对宪法的超验性价值进行比较详细的阐发之后 ,本文进一步提出了解决制度———观念之间恶性循环的办法。     

禽流感重组禽痘病毒疫苗不同途径及剂量接种的免疫效力

将表达禽流感病毒 (AIV)H5HA和N1NA基因的重组禽痘病毒 (rFPV HA NA)以不同剂量分别经翅下刺种、肌肉注射、皮下注射、点眼及滴鼻途径接种于 4周龄SPF鸡。结果 ,该疫苗经翅下刺种、肌肉注射和皮下注射途径接种的SPF鸡 ,能够诱导其产生血凝抑制 (HI)抗体 ;用10 0LD50 的HPAIVA/Goose/Guangdong/ 1/ 96 (H5N1)毒株攻击后 ,免疫鸡无一发病和死亡 ,免疫保护率为 10 0 %。以点眼和滴鼻途径免疫的SPF鸡 ,大剂量接种能够诱导产生一定水平的抗体 ,攻毒后的保护率分别为 83.3%、6 6 .7% ;而小剂量接种则不产生免疫反应 ,保护率为 0。表明rFPV HA NA疫苗只有经翅下刺种、肌肉注射和皮下注射途径接种 ,才能够诱导机体产生高水平的免疫力。     

降低评价尺度偏差：一项政治效能感测量的实验

评价尺度偏差是政治学评价类题目中常见的测量误差，“虚拟情境锚定法”被认为是一种降低此类误差的方法。本文依托北京大学中国国情研究中心2009年全国公民意识调查，在其中加入了一组采用“虚拟情境锚定法”测量外部政治效能感的题目来跟传统的效能感测量方法进行比较，实验结果发现：（1）运用传统效能感测量方法时，高效能感的比例为30．64％，而使用“虚拟情境锚定法”后，高效能感的比例占到了46．91％，这就验证了评价尺度偏差的存在。（2）效度检验发现“虚拟情境锚定法”得到具有更好建构效度的测量结果，从而验证了评价尺度偏差对测量质量的影响。通过实验对题目设计提出建议：（1）控制评价尺度偏差的基本思路是遵循测量指标设计上的具体化、标准化和高可比性原则。（2）对于能采取具体方式提问的变量，就要避免抽象题目；对于能用事实性问题测量的变量，就要避免态度性测量。（3）在测量问题选项的尺度设计上，要避免评价方向不一致，应尽可能地理顺一致的量尺向度．规避尺度不等距的问题。     

提升“大情报”服务侦查功效的方法与应用

本文介绍了"大情报"体系在公安信息化建设中的高端应用,阐述了"大情报"体系服务侦查的基本模式,分析了情报主导侦查功效的因素,结合全国"清网行动"的实际,说明采取情报信息分析研判的成功有效方法,从而大大提高了追逃成功率和准确率,并提出了提升"大情报"服务侦查功效的建议和方法。     

巴马香猪超前免疫高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗的免疫效果评价

为了评价高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗(JXA1-R)对仔猪超前免疫的免疫效果及安全性,给3头巴马香猪超前免疫弱毒疫苗JXA1-R 1头份/头,以3头同窝仔猪为对照组,接种等量疫苗稀释液,观察疫苗免疫后的临床表现,测定疫苗免疫后的抗体动态变化及排毒情况;免疫后第35天,采用高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(JXA1)攻毒,测定攻毒后的抗体变化、排毒情况及免疫保护作用。结果表明,巴马香猪超前免疫后第14天发生抗体阳转,鼻拭子样品、肛门拭子样品和血清样品中均检测到病毒核酸,同居的阴性对照组中有1头仔猪发生抗体阳转,提示该疫苗存在排毒现象。攻毒前免疫组和对照组的抗体阳性率分别为3/3和1/3;攻毒后免疫组和对照组的免疫保护率分别为3/3和1/3,表明该疫苗具有一定的免疫保护作用,但初生巴马香猪超前免疫后表现生长缓慢,被毛粗乱,提示该疫苗对仔猪具有一定的毒力,不适合用作超前免疫。     

论农村基层组织人员的职务犯罪之成因——以Y县为例

农村基层组织人员职务犯罪的形成是社会系统非良性运行的结果。当前农村处于特殊转型时期,村民集体效能低下、社会控制弱化形成了农村基层组织人员职务犯罪产生的不良客观环境,而要预防和减少犯罪,需要改善和加强社会和国家对农村基层组织的社会控制。