当前中国私营企业主政治参与现状分析

目前,中国的私营企业主已经逐步发展成为中国新社会阶层中的重要力量。随着经济实力的增强和国内政治民主的大力推进,私营企业主的政治参与呈现逐渐扩大的趋势,但其中也存在一些问题。我们必须采取有效措施使私营企业主的政治参与朝着有序化、制度化、法制化的健康方向发展,使其有利于我国民主政治建设的顺利进行。     

国际私法功能演进之研究

以国际民商事关系作为调整对象的国际私法的传统功能是法律选择,实现这种功能的载体是冲突法制度。随着国际民商事关系的蓬勃发展和国际私法呈现出的统一化趋势,加之冲突法制度的固有缺陷,使得国际私法的功能必然要逐渐演进为法律协调。与法律协调功能相适应,国际私法的范围除了包括冲突法外,还应涵纳国际统一实体法,两类规范相辅相成,互为补充,共同完成对国际民商事关系的调整。     

WTO与中国经济法的发展

经济法是处理公法与私法、政府与市场关系 ,协调二者之间关系的一种法律。在我国的市场化改革和即将加入WTO之际 ,这种关系的妥善处理具有十分重要的意义。它直接关系到我国改革能否顺利进行 ,社会主义市场经济秩序能否合理地建立起来。     

Harnessing Market Competition in PPP Procurement: The Importance of Periodically Taking a Strategic View

Public‐Private Partnerships (PPP) procurement is routinely portrayed as offering greater scope for harnessing competitive market forces to secure Value for Money (VfM) than traditional procurement approaches ( OECD 2008 ). The aim of this article is (a) to demonstrate the importance of periodically taking a more systematic and strategic view when assessing VfM in PPP procurement ( OGC 2003 ), and (b) to develop an analytical framework for such an analysis. Road infrastructure procurement in South East Queensland is used as a case study to test the usefulness of the proposed framework, and to show how a narrow focus on individual contracts increases the risk of overlooking overdependence on one supplier ( OGC 2003 ). Discussion focuses on the need to combine detailed analysis of individual contracts with longitudinal analyses of market competitiveness when assessing best VfM.     

Public–private partnerships and developing‐country agriculture: Evidence from the international agricultural research system

This study examines the role of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in promoting pro‐poor productivity‐enhancing technological innovation in the international agricultural research system. The study examines the extent to which PPPs are being used to overcome market and institutional failures that otherwise inhibit the development and dissemination of technologies targeted specifically to small‐scale, resource‐poor farmers in developing countries. Drawing on a survey of 75 PPP projects in the international system, findings suggest that while PPPs are changing the way the system manages its research agenda, few partnerships lead to joint innovation processes with the private sector. This indicates the need for closer examination of organizational practices, cultures, and incentives in the international agricultural research system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Privatisation of Prisoner Transfer Services in Western Australia. What Can we Learn from the Ward Case?

In 2008, Aboriginal elder Mr Ward died of heat stroke while being transported in the back of a prison van operated by private security company GSL (now G4S). This article will address the role accountability mechanisms can play in improving correctional and custodial services and whether existing oversight frameworks can provide a proper supervision and quality control of private security operators. It will focus on the key reports issued by Western Australia's Inspector of Custodial Services, the independent office to oversee the prisoner transfer system. Another central source of information will be an examination of the report and recommendations handed down by the Western Australian Coroner Alastair Hope in June 2009. The Hope Report details the numerous failings of the system which led to the Ward tragedy. Both GSL and the Western Australian state government had breached a duty of care to Mr Ward. Further, it remains highly problematical having a range of oversight bodies if elected government is able to simply ignore the subsequent advice. Parliament must therefore remain a central part of the system of political accountability.     

技术标准化下专利许可制度私法基础的困境及其超越

技术标准化下,专利权极有可能借助标准的力量得以扩张,专利许可的交易样态和力量对比发生了重大变化,传统专利许可制度的私法基础由于回应上的迟滞,出现了适应性困境,并使得建构其上的专利许可制度在技术标准化环境下平衡专利许可交易各方利益方面的制度功能绩效受到极大的抑制甚至是丧失。为回应技术标准化环境的新要求,重塑和升级现有专利许可制度,首当其冲的任务就是在检视传统专利许可私法基础的前提下,从具体人格、利益平衡以及契约自由限制等方面对其作出新的适应性阐释,以为技术标准化下专利许可制度的完善肃清理论的障碍。     

实质诉讼法的“脱私入公”过程及其复兴意义 ——以温特沙伊德《当代法意识下的罗马私法之诉》的解读为主线

民事诉讼法是实质诉讼规范和诉讼程序规范之集合,但通说却将其同义于诉讼程序法而尘封实质诉讼法。从法律发达史上考察,实质诉讼法曾依附于实体私法体系,且与诉讼程序法长期处于分离状态,在脱离私法体系之后于民事诉讼法中找到了安身之处,并且在公法诉权说的推动下皈依了公法。在实质诉讼法脱私法体系而入诉讼法体系的发展过程中,温特沙伊德的《诉论》发挥了主要原动力作用,因而被奉为促成民事诉讼法走向独立化的“门罗宣言”。本文拟通过解读《诉论》,阐述实质诉讼法脱离私法体系而入公法的民事诉讼法之过程,恢复实质诉讼法的本来面目,以为我们克服民事诉讼法同于纯程序法之观念提供理论上的支撑。     

私法中的“人”——法人体系的序列化思考

与传统的私法视角下、交易场合中，法人与自然人一律平等，皆为无差别的“私法中的人”的思维不同，在历史观中，“社团法人”与“财团法人”是具有法社会学意义的两大法人“模型”。两模型之角力，体现为不同的法人类型通过消长其“社团性”，调整团体与团体成员各自就法人财产进行支配的“法律上的距离”，而排列为与其公、私域属性相适应的，促进社会整合的法人类型序列。在历史上这可呈现为各法人本质学说流派的论争，在当代则反映为某些民法典中，不同社会功能法人类型的财产权强弱之差序安排。最终这将促使民法扬弃对法人的狭隘私法定性，正视与回应法人跨越公、私体制的“复合人”特质，进而也提高民法应对社会分化与转型的能力。     

私主体权利本位论——民法论坛一新说

民法本位是民法的中心任务和价值标准。近、现代民法本位未变,即都是私主体权利本位,只是现代民法带些社会化倾向。近、现代民法及中国现今民法当以私主体权利为本位。申明民法私主体权利本位,并非不顾及有些情况下的社会化倾向,只不过这些“顾及”是为次的,不为本位的,这是由民法的私法性视角所决定的。唯有如此,民法作为私法的主干才可与社会法、公法之社会、国家本位性视角相制约、相抗衡,达成整个法律体系的和谐平衡。