公共问题界定：政策研究的新视角

传统的政策规划与政策分析研究,很少将注意力放在公共问题的本质及界定上。从上世纪八十年代起,一些美国公共政策研究学者开始将目光转向关注公共问题的界定方式与政策分析各个环节的关系。这种通过公共问题界定来分析政策过程的视角,对理解议程变化、政策变迁、政策评估等方面都具有重要意义。     

Body Image Concerns in Young Girls: The Role of Peers and Media Prior to Adolescence

Peer and media influences have been identified as important conveyors of socio-cultural ideals in adolescent and preadolescent samples. This study aims to explore peer and media influences in the body image concerns and dieting awareness of younger girls, aged 5–8 years. A sample of 128 girls was recruited from the first 4 years of formal schooling. Individual interviews were conducted to assess the aspects of body image, as well as dieting awareness by means of a brief scenario. A number of sources of peer and media influence were examined. It was found that by 6 years of age, a large number of girls desired a thinner ideal figure. Both peer and media influences emerged as significant predictors of body image and dieting awareness. Specifically, girls’ perceptions of their peers’ body dissatisfaction predicted their own level of body dissatisfaction and dieting awareness. Watching music television shows and reading appearance-focused magazines predicted dieting awareness. In particular, girls who looked at magazines aimed at adult women had greater dissatisfaction with their appearance. Thus, the present study highlights that girls aged 5–8 years of age are already living in an appearance culture in which both peers and the media influence body image and dieting awareness.Hayley Dohnt, B. Psych. (Hons.), is completing her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology at Flinders University. Her major research interests are in the area of child psychology and the development of body image.Marika Tiggemann’s Professor of Psychology at Flinders University. Her major research interest is in media influences on body image. She is Associate Editor for the journal Body Image.     

胡锦涛的“三农”思想

农业、农村和农民问题是中国革命、建设和改革的根本问题,是当前全党工作的重中之重。以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央,提出的一系列加强“三农”工作的思想和观点,应用、丰富和发展了中国特色社会主义经济理论。     

谈公安教育改革的原则和方向

公安教育改革是公安院校面临着的一项长期的系统工程。文章针对当前公安教育改革中出现的五个方面的问题作了全面的剖析,进而提出了在公安教育改革中应遵循的四项原则,指出了公安教育在办学理念、管理模式、办学模式、人才培养模式和长效机制建设方面的改革方向。     

养老机构发展主要问题及对策研究——长沙市养老机构及入住老人的调查与思考

长沙市人口老龄化已进入增长期,正呈现老年人口向高龄化发展的趋势,城市养老机构是必不可少的社会养老设施。文中通过调查,对入住老人需求、养老机构的现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出了养老机构发展的对策和建议。     

陕西天然林保护工程建设现状及对策研究

陕西省是全国首批实施天然林保护工程项目的主要省份,深入调查全省天然林保护工程建设情况,总结实施经验,分析存在问题及其社会影响,研究合理的对策,对于推动全省乃至全国天然林保护工程深入开展具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

现代教育技术在教学应用中的问题与对策

从现代教育技术应用的现状来看,在如何认识应用现代教育技术、更新教育观念、创新教学模式,运用教育技术思想、方法来分析和处理教育、教学中的问题等方面还存在一定的问题。解决这些问题,要重视对教师进行现代教育技术应用的培训;在实际应用中注意借鉴国内外先进经验,加强对教学模式的探索和研究,从整体上改进教学结构;同时在教学中教师要有效地应用教育技术。     

论入世后的陕西农业产业化

加入WTO对我国农业将产生很大的影响。陕西农业产业化虽有一定的发展,但因其长期受小农经济思想等因素的影响,仍存在诸多缺陷和不足。陕西农业要发展,要溶入世界经济一体化,就必须从更新观念、调整产业结构、优化农业资源配置等方面着手,积极推进社会主义市场经济,逐步建立符合WTO框架协议的农业产业化体系。     

论现行刑事技术管理体制存在的问题及改革构想

刑事科学技术在公安工作的中作用越来越大 ,然而 ,它的发展存在着与政府管理职能之间的矛盾、计划与市场之间的矛盾和缺乏统一运作的长效机制三大问题。建立新型刑事科学技术管理体制是当务之急。刑事科学技术管理体制改革主要有加强刑事科学技术部门之间的联系、积极创建市场运行机制和合理分配资源三个方面。     

Family Structure and Problem Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Growth-Curve Study

In the present longitudinal 3-wave study of 1274 adolescents and young adults, aged 12–24 at the 1st wave, it is examined whether youngsters from intact versus postdivorce families show long-term differences in internalizing and externalizing problems. Furthermore, possible differences in the development of this problem behavior between offspring from intact and postdivorce families are examined, i.e., possible differences in growth curves of internalizing and externalizing problems are investigated. Longitudinal multilevel analyses reveal long-term differences in internalizing and externalizing problems according to family structure. Adolescents and young adults growing up in postdivorce families display more internalizing and externalizing problem behavior than youngsters of intact families. The development of these 2 types of problem behavior does not differ by gender or family structure. That is, the shape of the growth curves of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior is similar for boys and girls and also for youngsters from intact and postdivorce families. Inge VanderValk is a Postdoc Researcher at the Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. She received her Ph.D. in 2004 from Utrecht University. Her major research interests include associations between adolescent adjustment and parental marital quality and parental divorce. Ed Spruijt is an Associate Professor at the University of Utrecht. He received his Ph.D. in 1983 from Utrecht University. His major research interests are the consequences of parental divorce and visitation arrangements on children. Martijn de Goede is an associate Professor at Utrecht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics. He received his Ph.D. in 1988 from Utrecht University. His major research interests are occupational and relational life courses of youngsters. Cora Maas is an Assistent Professor at Utrecht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics. She received her PH.D. in 1992 in Utrecht from Utrecht University. Her major interests are: multilevel analysis (theory and applications). Wim Meeus is full Professor of Adolescent Development at Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. in 1984 from Utrecht University. His major research interests are personality, identity, and relationships in adolescence.