The intellectual adolescence of organizational justice: You've come a long way,maybe

To highlight the advances and limitations in the study of organizational justice as reflected by the articles in this issue, the field is characterized as being in its intellectual adolescence. Following this analogy, some signs of scientific maturity are noted. Among these are (a) increased attention to the connections between organizational justice and various organizational processes, (b) expanded efforts toward conceptual refinement, and (c) greater reliance on research conducted in natural settings. At the same time, the adolescent state of the field is also marked by its intellectual awkwardness and immaturity. Indications of this include (a) the absence of guiding theory, (b) an underdeveloped research agenda, and (c) an overreliance on the use of ad hoc measurements. Based on these limitations, suggestions are made for ways of nurturing the field's development. The article concludes with an optimistic vision of tomorrow's field of organizational justice.     

试论行政相对人程序性权利的设定原则

随着程序权利观念的不断深入,世界各国对行政程序越来越重视,相对人在行政程序上的权利,已成为现代行政法学研究的重要课题。目前法学理论对行政相对人程序性权利的研究颇多,但由于程序性权利内容广泛并处于不断变化发展之中,所以笔者认为明确相对人程序性权利的设定原则最为关键。文章从行政相对人的性质、地位着手,提出了信息交流畅通原则、操作简易性原则、事前保护为主和事后保护为辅的原则、保护基本权利的原则等设定行政相对人程序性权利应遵循的原则。     

Workplace justice and employee worth

Distributive and procedural justice gain new meaning in light of other distinctions about how organizations value employees (the employees' “worth”). Fair compensation gives employees worth as achieved status: how the employee is like some employees (similarly rewarded) and not like others (dissimilarly rewarded). But employees also want to be treated uniquely as individuals and in other ways to be treated like all other employees, both reflecting worth as ascribed status. Such worth need not involve the distribution of outcomes; it can be gained if procedures function as ends in themselves. Different types of worth thus become the source of different criteria for justice. Based on a paper entitled “Justice as Worth,” which was prepared for the Third International Conference on Social Justice research (held in the Netherlands during July 1991).     

弱势群体对社会稳定的影响

我国目前弱势群体在承受“弱势”所带来的种种伤害的同时,正以一种极具破坏性的 方式表达为“强势”,并迫使社会在承受和消弭其影响时支付日益高昂的成本。这种社会机器内部 的撞击,已经严重地影响了整体运行的安全性和稳定性,而确立公平则是解决问题的前提和基础。     

论我国基础教育的性别公平

自从1986年实施《义务教育法》以来,我国的基础教育得到了巨大发展,男女两性不仅享有法律上平等的受教育权利,而且实际的受教育机会也日益平等。但是,在不同地区以及城乡之间,基础教育领域的性别差异依然不同程度地存在,基础教育中的性别平等还没有完全实现,而且,随着社会经济转型,新的问题也在基础教育领域不断出现。本文采用全国第五次人口普查以及第二次中国妇女社会地位抽样调查的数据,从基础教育的入学机会、教育过程和内容以及教育结果三个层次上来讨论目前我国基础教育领域存在的性别差异,力图从教育公正以及性别平等的角度来说明基础教育中存在的性别不平等。尤其是在贫困农村地区和流动人口中,相当数量的女童的受教育权利还没有得到切实保障。本文建议,要从政府、家庭以及教育系统本身着手消除基础教育体制、观念以及内容上的性别差异。     

广西法院系统适用简易程序的调查与分析

本文针对广西法院系统多年来适用简易程序的情况进行了总结。     

防止警察滥用权力

警察权在一个社会中的实际运作状态,在相当程度上标志着这个社会文明的发展水平。警察权力与公民权利在一定条件下成反比例关系,即警察权的扩大意味着公民权利的缩小,警察权力的滥用往往使公民权利化为乌有。警察执法活动中的违法违纪问题和滥用职权等腐败现象已成为社会关注的一个焦点。在现代法治国家,为保障公民基本权利,应以法治的理念重新审视警察权,并以法治原则和观念指导警察权的设立和行使。     

合同法价值构造变革

合同法的价值有公平、自由、效率等。其中,合同自由成为近现代合同法的各种价值的载体和集中体现。垄断出现后,合同自由受到格式合同、强制缔约、消费者权益保护法、劳动法、一般条款等的限制,并且,在效率原则及经济全球化的推动下,合同法出现了统一化趋势。在现代,合同自由仍然是一项基本原则,但合同法的价值构造发生了变革。     

论程序公正优先原则

程序公正和实体公正都是诉讼追求的重要而不可或缺的目标 ,程序公正优先原则是要求我们在实体公正和程序公正发生冲突而且必须由一方作出牺牲的时候 ,程序公正应当居于优先照顾的地位。程序公正优先原则维护的是司法公正、司法独立和司法权威 ,同现代法治和民主具有内在的、天然的联系 ;它排斥的是干扰司法自治的社会和政治权力 ,与专制和独裁势不两立