循环经济法视野下公众参与机制及其保障

公众参与推动循环经济发展是一个诱致性制度变迁过程。循环经济法视野下公众参与机制的基本要素有三个方面：公民参与的环境权;政府公开有关资源环境和生态的信息;健全的非政府组织。根据循环经济公众参与机制的基本要素和当前我国循环经济公众参与的现状与不足,从确保公民可实施的环境权、扩大循环经济信息的“公开性”及“透明度”、促进非政府组织参与资源环境及生态管理、优化公众参与的平台和程序等方面构建了公众参与循环经济的支持保障机制。     

论公共危机管理中的公民参与

目前,我国政府公共危机管理中的公民参与处于较低水平、面临许多困境,因此,应该通过多种途径扩大公民有序参与公共危机管理的渠道,规范公民有序参与公共危机管理的行为,最终形成政府与公民、媒体、非政府组织等等良性互动的合作模式,最大限度地降低公共危机事件造成的损害。     

Community acceptance of recycled water: can we inoculate the public against scare campaigns?

Without improved water resource management, it is predicted that water shortages will affect two‐thirds of humanity by 2025. One solution that has traditionally faced fierce public resistance is recycled waste water. This study investigates the extent to which public communication strategies can influence community acceptance of recycled water, using the framework of Inoculation Theory. A four‐phase experimental design was conducted. Participants completed an initial questionnaire and were then randomly assigned to a control group, a manipulation check group or a treatment group. A final follow‐up survey measured changes in the dependent variable: stated likelihood of using recycled water for different uses. Results indicate that communication strategies based on Inoculation Theory are limited in their effectiveness for this product category. Findings do, however, identify a clear recency effect, indicating that continuous public communications are key to ensuring that community scare campaigns do not prevent implementation of water augmentation projects. This study differs from previous applications of Inoculation Theory because of the challenges associated with marketing a monopoly commodity, which is a necessity to support life. This empirical study uses fictional marketing stimuli to test the theory in a context, which is growing in global importance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changing the Tobacco Use Management System: Blending Systems Thinking with Actor–Network Theory

Managing “wicked” issues like the tobacco epidemic is addressed using a combination of Open Systems Thinking (OST) and Actor–Network Theory (ANT). OST was used to construct a model of the tobacco problem as a management system acting in a broader environment. This highlighted several problems with the current system but provided no mechanism for reform. ANT, the “sociology of translation,” was used for understanding how change occurs. Unlike systems thinking, ANT focuses the contest for change on heterogeneous networks of human and nonhuman actors that must be constructed through a process of defining and defending models of change, building alliances, gaining public acceptance, and finally achieving institutional acceptance of the reform (or of some compromise). We then show how this dual approach can shed light on a current challenge in controlling tobacco, the issue of product regulation, and the broader issue of harm reduction versus harm elimination.     

Preferences,Knowledge, and Citizen Probability Assessments of the Terrorism Risk of Nuclear Power

How does the American public assess risk when it comes to national security issues? This paper addresses this question by analyzing variation in citizen probability assessments of the terrorism risk of nuclear power plants. Drawing on the literature on how motivated reasoning, selective information processing, and domain‐specific knowledge influence public opinion, we argue that heterogeneous issue preferences and knowledge of nuclear energy and homeland security have important explanatory power. Using original data from a unique 2009 national survey in the United States, we show that Americans are divided in their probability assessments of the terrorism risk of nuclear power plants. Consistent with our theoretical expectations, individuals who support using nuclear power to meet rising energy demands, who are generally less concerned with terrorism, or who are more knowledgeable about terrorism and nuclear security tend to provide lower assessments of the likelihood that nuclear power plants increase terrorist attacks, and vice versa. The findings have implications for the literature on public opinion, risk assessment, energy policy and planning, and homeland security.     

论公共行政人员的德性问题及其重塑

公共行政的价值在于维护和提供社会公正,而这一价值的实现必然蕴含着公共行政人员的德性。近来公共行政实践中的德性却表现出不尽人意的境地。文章探讨了现阶段公共行政中德性缺失的根源,并提出了对策性建议。     

公共政策评估多元模式的困境及其解决的哲学思考

通过对政策评估模式发展的历史考察,文章分析了政策评估模式由单一向多元转变的逻辑以及多元评估模式的困境。并以南水北调移民政策评估为例,解读了当今多元理性下的政策评估仍然存在的多元利益界定不准确、评估模式结构固化等诸多问题。要从根本上解决多元理性下政策评估模式的问题,必须实现政策评估哲学思维的进一步转变,而这一转变应遵循批判性政策分析理论、利益相关者理论以及理性选择理论的基本价值。     

构建公共服务的协同机制:一个界定性框架

在公共服务多元主体供给中,存在着多主体和多部门导致的公共服务供给碎片化问题。要解决这种碎片化困境,必须探索构建公共服务供给的协同机制。本文从"目标"和"利益"两个变量出发,来构建公共服务协同机制的分析框架,提出科层制协同、沟通性协同、公-私协同、战略性协同四种协同机制,并结合相关案例分析,来阐释每一种协同机制的内在关系和实现机制。