Strategic rebels: a spatial econometric approach to rebel fighting durations in civil wars

ABSTRACT

Recent research on multi-actor civil wars highlights that rebel organizations condition their conflict behavior on that of other rebel organizations, with competition and free-riding constituting the core theoretical mechanisms. We provide a new actor-centric approach to explicitly model strategic interdependence in multi-actor civil wars. We argue that rebel organizations have incentives to remain mobilized until the end of a conflict to maintain their power to negotiate, power to spoil, power to enforce, and power to protect. This induces strategic complements that dominate duration dynamics in multi-actor conflicts. Based on a network game-theoretic model, we derive a spatial econometric framework that allows for a direct test of strategic interdependence. We find that the estimated duration interdependence is positive but partially offset in secessionist conflicts where the public goods nature of the incompatibility also induces strategic substitution effects.     

贵州生态文明建设与精准扶贫互动对策探析

贵州是生态文明建设示范区和扶贫攻坚的主战场,两者的良性互动是贵州实现同步小康的重要保障。在新时期,贵州生态文明建设与精准扶贫互动具有必然性。在践行生态文明建设和精准扶贫的过程中,贵州呈现出了不少两者良性互动的闪光点,但依然存在一些问题,如认识上存在误区、政策法制建设薄弱、体制机制制约等,应加强宣传教育、完善政策法规、健全体制机制,以生态文明理念推动精准扶贫。     

被害人与犯罪人的互动关系及其在刑事责任视野下的意义

犯罪与被害是对立统一的一对矛盾,被害人与犯罪人并非是独立存在的,二者之间有着复杂的互动关系。由此被害人也可以划分出不同的种类。这种互动关系虽没有刑法的明文规定,但不可否认,其在客观上仍然对刑事责任施加着重要影响。     

论公共安全危机事件中公安机关与媒体的良性互动关系

我国当前正处于经济转轨和社会转型的关键时期,因人为的、社会的或管理的等因素引发各种社会矛盾和社会问题接连不断,由此导致公共安全危机事件日益凸显。由于民主政治建设的需要,保障和实现公众知情权,特别是公共安全危机事件的特点和媒体的特性,决定了媒体必然介入公安机关应对公共安全危机事件中。公安机关为及时有效地应对、管理、处置公共安全危机事件,提高公安机关驾驭社会治安能力和水平,履行好公安机关的任务和职责,必须与媒体建立良性互动关系。     

论科学发展与社会和谐的良性互动

科学发展与社会和谐不仅在理论上是内在统一、不可分割的,而且在实践中也是相互促进、相辅相成的。党的十七大报告将科学发展和社会和谐在中国特色社会主义的伟大旗帜下有机地结合在一起,这就说明,发展中国特色社会主义,必须以推动科学发展促进社会和谐,也必须以促进社会和谐推动科学发展。着力实现科学发展与社会和谐的良性互动,必将使两者在进一步相辅相成、相互促进的过程中,共同推动中国特色社会主义建设。     

信息互动视角下“情感过滤”成因探析与对策研究

语言是一个负载信息的符号系统,交际是一个信息在交际者之间双向或多向的互动过程,信息的共享是交际活动的目的,信息的互动是交际活动的本质,语言的运用是交际的主要形式。“情感过滤”是一个人情感因素对语言习得和信息输入、输出产生的影响。学习动机、语言焦虑、语言态度、自我意象、自信心和移情等是造成“情感过滤”的主要因素,关注交际意义而非形式、关注交际情境、实现可理解性信息输入是降低“情感过滤”的有效策略。     

Robots,standards and the law: Rivalries between private standards and public policymaking for robot governance

This article explains the complex intertwinement between public and private regulators in the case of robot technology. Public policymaking ensures broad multi-stakeholder protected scope, but its abstractness often fails in intelligibility and applicability. Private standards, on the contrary, are more concrete and applicable, but most of the times they are voluntary and reflect industry interests. The ‘better regulation’ approach of the EU may increase the use of evidence to inform policy and lawmaking, and the involvement of different stakeholders. Current hard-lawmaking instruments do not appear to take advantage of the knowledge produced by standard-based regulations, virtually wasting their potential benefits. This fact affects the legal certainty with regards to a fast-paced changing environment like robotics. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of overlapping public/private regulatory initiatives that govern robot technologies in general, and in the concrete of healthcare robot technologies. We wonder until what extent robotics should be governed only by standards. We also reflect on how public policymaking could increase their technical understanding of robot technology to devise an applicable and comprehensive framework for this technology. In this respect, we propose different ways to integrate the technical know-how into policymaking (e.g., collecting the data/knowledge generated from the impact assessments in shared data repositories, and using it for evidence-based policies) and to strengthen the legitimacy of standards.     

警务战术课堂教学的和谐互动策略

警务战术课堂教学应是和谐互动的,它使“战术培训的教”与“战术培训的学”产生谐振效应,从而提高警务战术课的教学效果,真正促进学生的警务战术理论和应用能力的全面和谐的发展。     

英语教学中应实现课堂互动最大化

学习英语的目的是交流。交流是双方或多方沟通思想信息的过程。学校英语教学应当追求课堂互动最大化 ,这对于提高英语学习者使用这一交流工具的能力培养意义重大。