马克思主义价值论与科技价值的实践基础

马克思主义价值论以科学的实践观为指导,坚持理论与实践、真理与价值相统一的原则。依据马克思主义价值论,科学技术是在实践活动中产生和发展的,它不仅作为客观的知识、工具和手段,同时也根源于人类需要,渗透着价值选择。科技与价值相互渗透、相互影响,是建立在实践基础上的统一存在。     

Toxicology and Circumstances of Completed Suicide by Means Other than Overdose*

Abstract: To determine the prevalence and circumstances of psychoactive substances amongst nonoverdose completed suicide, 1436 consecutive cases autopsied at the NSW Department of Forensic Medicine over the period 1/1/1997–12/31/2006 were analyzed. Substances were detected in 67.2% of cases, and illicit drugs in 20.1%. Alcohol was present in 40.6% of cases. Males were more likely to be positive for alcohol, cannabis, and psychostimulants, and females for pharmaceuticals. Illicits were associated with younger age. Alcohol was most prominent amongst toxicity cases, as were opioids, psychostimulants amongst gunshot cases, and pharmaceuticals amongst drownings. Cases in which drug and alcohol histories were noted were more likely to have a substance detected. Alcohol was more common where a suicide note was left and where relationship problems were involved. Pharmaceuticals were more common where a previous attempt was noted. Licit and illicit substances are strongly associated with suicide, even when the method does not involve drug overdose.     

实事求是拒斥一切理论权威

实事求是不需要人为地附加任何指导思想。理论权威是对实事求是的限制和误导。实事求是是对理论权威的超越和革命。坚持实事求是必须拒斥一切理论权威。     

论民法研究的命题、方法和结论

民法学包括实践民法学和理论民法学,前者包括民事立法学和民法解释学,后者包括民法哲学、民法社会学、民法史学和民法地理学。民法哲学是抽象化思维,阐释民法存在的根本问题。民法社会学是现实性思维,解释民法存在的社会基础。民法社会学可以细分为民法经济学、民法政治学和民法文化学。民法史学是纵向思维,揭示民法存在的时间性。民法地理学是横向思维,诠释民法存在的地域性。实践民法学的研究,要顺应立法中心主义向司法中心主义的转型,要实现民法规范与公法规范的协调,为规范民法学的发展作出贡献。理论民法学的研究,应当广泛借鉴其他社会科学的研究成果,尽可能构建理论模型,预设更多的行为类型,为民法学流派多元化作出贡献。     

哲学的可说与不可说

哲学是可说的 ,语言虽不能被运用于本体世界 ,但语言能在可说的东西与不可说的东西之间显现出一条界限 ,因而人在超越现象 ,追问本体的过程中 ,不能不借助语言之梯。哲学是不可说的 ,哲学追问本体 ,关涉包括自身在内的全体。而语言的逻辑本性使得任何一种语言系统都不可能表达世界的全部 ,作为哲学表达主体的现实的个人永远会面对一个不能言说的本体。可说 ,又不可说 ,是哲学的永恒矛盾 ,也是其生命力所在     

大隈重信的“东西文明调和论”

东西文明调和论是日俄战争后在日本思想界兴起的一股带有文明使命观性质的思想潮流,其代表人物是大隈重信。该理论是作为解决当时欧美排斥日本移民问题的思想手段登上历史舞台的,其核心内容是＂对于东洋来说,日本是西洋文明的介绍者;对于西洋来说,日本是东洋文明的代表者＂。该理论为大隈重信的对外政策论：＂支那保全论＂和＂日英同盟论＂提供了理论支持。该理论具有对西洋先进国的从属性和对落后于西洋的东洋后进诸国的优越性的双重性质,其特征是完全无视东洋后进诸国的主权和自主性,因此最终沦为日本帝国主义对亚洲实施侵略的意识形态。     

资源型城市经济转型的路径选择——以松原市为例

资源型城市的经济转型是世界性难题,而其破解之道仍在探索之中.本文以吉林省松原市为例,指出了资源型城市在经济转型过程中存在的主要问题,分析了松原市通过深化企业改革、调整产业结构、构建多元化融资体系、以科技创新推动经济转型、初步实现了资源型城市经济转型的做法,以期为资源型城市经济转型提供参考.     

浅议聂荣臻对科技工作的管理

聂荣臻元帅 1956年至 1966年主管中国的科学技术工作 ,为中国科学技术的腾飞做出了卓越的贡献。他的科技管理工作的主要特色可以概括为 :不畏艰难、脚踏实地的工作作风、爱惜人才、尊重人才的指导思想 ,法规建设与机构组建并重的工作方针等。这些工作作风、方针与指导思想不仅是聂帅思想的重要组成部分 ,而且将作为党的宝贵精神财富继续指导着当今中国的科学技术的发展。     

REASSESSING RACE DISPARITIES IN MARYLAND CAPITAL CASES*

A generation of research studies that were conducted in multiple states and covered different time periods has found evidence that individuals who kill white victims encounter a greater risk of facing the death penalty than killers of black victims. More recently, research has also examined the likelihood of death penalty processing for black defendants who kill white victims in comparison with other defendant–victim race groups. In particular, a study in Maryland conducted by Paternoster et al. (2003) found evidence that offenders in black defendant–white victim cases were more likely to be death noticed by prosecutors and to receive a death sentence than other offenders. A recent analysis by Berk, Li, and Hickman (2005) raised questions about some of these findings. In this article, we conduct new analyses and conclude that black defendants who kill white victims face a greater risk of adverse treatment than other types of defendants.     

Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies

This study evaluated the use of different degree day (DD) models, developmental thresholds and developmental data sources for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) based on developmental rates of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Blow fly evidence was collected from three mock crime scenes and sent for blind analysis of PMI. PMI estimates were calculated using averaging, single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle models of DD calculation with minimum developmental thresholds of 0, 6 and 10 °C and Anderson's, Byrd and Allen's, Greenberg's, Nishida's and Kamal's developmental data sets. These estimates were compared with the actual PMI to determine which combination of DD model, developmental threshold and developmental data provided the most accurate estimate. For all three cases, at least one method gave a PMI estimation that was within 1 day of the actual date of death. There was no variability between PMI estimated using the five models of DD calculation. Overall, as lower developmental threshold increased, the PMI interval estimates increased. Depending on the developmental data set used, increasing the lower developmental threshold caused some overestimations of the date of oviposition, with estimates given that were prior to the actual death. Future PMI estimates should include error ranges, so that overestimation of PMI is avoided.