Introduction to special issue: contradictory interests of offspring and parents, 1500–2000

Conflicts between parents and offspring at home are not a popular issue, at least not in the field of the history of the family. Nevertheless do they occur and it might be rewarding to study these phenomena, although historical sources are scarce. They can be an expression of more general social tensions and they might provoke social changes. This Special Issue presents four contributions in which the central focus is about tensions between parents and grown-up offspring that is still at home. Three topics will be dealt with: marriage, earnings of children working elsewhere, and the threat of leaving home. Factors that seem to affect the balance of interests between parents and offspring include parental power, family needs, public authority and interests taken by children in the outside world.     

How do psychiatric patients on prison healthcare centres differ from inpatients in secure psychiatric inpatient units?

Abstract

Mentally ill prisoners have consistently been highlighted as a group with complex needs. However, it is not clear what these needs are, how effective prison health services are in meeting the needs of this vulnerable group, and whether there would be any benefit to transferring them to psychiatric facilities. This study compared the characteristics and needs of mentally ill patients in prison healthcare centres (HCC prisoners) with patients in forensic medium secure psychiatric units (MSU inpatients) in the UK. HCC prisoners and MSU inpatients were in fact very similar. Where they did differ, though, was that MSU inpatients were significantly more likely to be of non-white ethnicity, diagnosed with psychotic or substance use disorders, and have recorded histories of drug misuse. HCC prisoners and MSU inpatients reported the same number of needs overall, according to the CANFOR-S (Camberwell Assessment of Need Forensic Short Version), but HCC prisoners reported significantly higher levels of unmet need. The need for transfer to alternative services was common in both groups, with bottlenecks evident at all levels. The high level of unmet need reported in the HCC prison sample is of particular clinical concern and highlights the need for improved assessment and treatment services in this setting.     

The right-wing populism of India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (and why comparativists should care)

Despite the vast amount of comparative research on right-wing populist parties over the past decade, there has been little work on non-European parties (as opposed to leaders). In this article, we argue that the international literature on populist parties has largely overlooked a significant non-European case: India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP – Indian People’s Party). Following the ideational approach to understanding populism, we examine whether the three distinguishing features of right-wing populism – its conceptions of “the people”, “elites” and “others” – are reflected in the views from interviews we conducted with BJP officials and representatives. We find that they are and so then consider whether they have been manifest in actions and statements while in power or whether, as some scholars claim, governing parties like the BJP moderate their populism. We conclude that the BJP can be very fruitfully included in comparative research on right-wing populist parties and propose a series of concrete ways in which this could be pursued.     

Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe: Perceptions and Use of Contacts

Proceeding from mass society theory and the theory of social capital, this article discusses the effect of social isolation, social trust, and membership in voluntary organizations on radical right-wing voting in Belgium, Denmark, France, Norway, and Switzerland. By using data from the first and third rounds of the European Social Survey, a number of logistic regression models are estimated. The results indicate that social isolation and social capital, measured as active membership in voluntary organizations, are of marginal value for explaining radical right-wing voting, although there is some cross-national variation. Moreover, the results show that not even members of humanitarian aid and human rights organizations are less likely to vote for the radical right, which clearly questions the universalistic ambitions of Putnam's theory of social capital and its core idea that organizational membership fosters tolerance and civic virtues.     

夫妻共同债务的例外规则:以法国法为参照

我国的夫妻共同债务制度最初由司法解释所确立。2003年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(二)》以"婚姻关系存续期间"作为判断夫妻共同债务的依据引发普遍争议;2018年《最高人民法院关于审理涉及夫妻债务纠纷案件适用法律有关问题的解释》试图对此进行矫正,确立了关于"家庭日常生活需要"及"共债共签"的规则等。2020年《中华人民共和国民法典》将后者整体纳入其中。在夫妻共同债务制度的司法适用过程中,应防止过度强调债权人保护、扩大连带责任适用的倾向。为此,可借鉴法国法的相关经验,以"家庭日常生活需要"为核心,将夫妻共同债务的适用范围主要限于家庭日常生活的消费性债务,而排除对外担保、大额举债或投资行为等引发的经营性债务。另外,还应通过司法解释和指导性案例,确立财产混同的处理规则、恶意情形排除适用规则等,确保相关当事人利益的保护。     

马克思主义需要理论在大众化进程中的作用

通过关注人的物质需要、精神需要、发展需要以及需要的不同层次,逐步解决马克思主义大众化过程中不同群体对主流价值的认同与信仰问题,是实现马克思主义大众化的根本所在。     

论以人为本的学生管理新理念

要做好新时期学生的思想政治工作,就要牢固树立以人为本的理念。分层教学中的思想政治工作要以人为本,就是要尊重学生的主体性、能动性和多样性,在具体工作中要贴近学生生活、倾听学生呼声、了解学生要求、关心学生疾苦,把好事办实,把实事办好,要以学生满不满意、喜不喜欢、接不接受作为思想政治工作是否收到了实效的唯一标准。对学生单纯的惩罚或单纯的科学技术教育,都不能促进学生的全面可持续发展,因此,要建立适应学生需要的人文教育理论,实现对学生的社会化和完整人格的塑造。     

马斯洛需求层次视角下的刑事和解

刑事和解通过纠纷的合意解决,满足受害人获得物质赔偿,平抑精神创伤,给予爱与尊重的诉求,亦符合加害人避免犯罪标签,重新复归社会,获得归属与温暖的需要,是一种与马斯洛需求层次理论相契合的刑事解纷模式。其适用不仅有助于纠纷当事人的多样性需求平衡,还有利于推动法治进程,应积极予以推崇。     

Populist parties in European Parliament elections: A new dataset on left,right and valence populism from 1979 to 2019

Despite the increasing interest in populism, there is a lack of comparative and longterm evidence on the electoral performance of populist parties. We address this gap by using a novel dataset covering 92 populist parties in the European Parliament elections from 1979 to 2019. Specifically, we provide aggregate data on the electoral performance of all populist parties as well as the three ideational varieties of populism, i.e. right-wing, left-wing and valence populist parties. We show that there is significant variation both across countries as well as between the ideational varieties of populism. Most notably, while the success of left-wing and valence populists is concentrated in specific areas, right-wing populist parties have consolidated as key players in the vast majority of EU countries.     

Needs,welfare and the limits of associationalism

This paper presents a critical account of current associationalist proposals for welfare reform. It argues that contrary to the associationalists' own case, the institutional structure suggested by associationalism would not better provide for the needs of welfare recipients. After a detailed exposition of the fundamental claims of proponents of associational welfare, the paper challenger two of the key normative judgements that underlie the associational project. First, it criticizes the associationalist tendency to emphasize unregulated choice in welfare provision, arguing that such a settlement would ignore the important disinction between ‘needs’ and ‘preferences’. Second, it rejects the associationalists' acceptance of significant inequalities in welfare provision, suggesting that such inequlities would, almost by conceptual definition, leave many recipients' needs unfulfilled. The paper concludes by indicating that any proposed welfare reform intended to enhance provision for needs should be located within the current statist tradition.