‘Social Services will not touch us with a barge pole’: social care provision for older prisoners

Older prisoners are the fastest growing subgroup in the English and Welsh prison estate. Older prisoners have high levels of health and social care needs. This mixed-method study involved the distribution of a questionnaire examining the availability of health and social care services for older prisoners to all prisons housing adult males in England and Wales, followed by qualitative telephone interviews with representatives from eight prisons. Over half of establishments had some contact with external social care services, but reported significant difficulties in arranging the care for individuals. A professional lead for older prisoners had been identified in 81% of establishments; however, the value of this role to positively affect practice appeared questionable. Statutory social care was often non-existent in prison due to the lack of understanding of what it constituted and who was responsible for its provision.     

Vox populi or vox masculini? Populism and gender in Northern Europe and South America

ABSTRACT

Conceptually, populism has no specific relationship to gender; in fact, gender differences, like all other differences within ‘the people’, are considered secondary, if not irrelevant, to populist politics. Yet populist actors do not operate in a cultural or ideological vacuum. So perhaps it is the national culture and broader ideology used by populists that determine their gender position. To explore this argument, we compare prototypical cases of contemporary populist forces in two regions: the Dutch Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV, Party for Freedom) and the Dansk Folkeparti (DF, Danish People's Party) in Northern Europe, and the Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV, United Socialist Party of Venezuela) and the Bolivian Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS, Movement for Socialism) in South America. Populists in Northern Europe are predominantly right-wing, yet mobilize within highly emancipated societies, while populists in South America are mainly left-wing and mobilize in strongly patriarchal societies. Our analysis provides a somewhat muddled picture. Although populists do not necessarily have a clear view on gender issues, the latter are clearly influenced by ideology and region. While left-wing populists tend to be relatively progressive within their traditional South American context, right-wing populists mainly defend the status quo in their progressive Northern European context. However, in absolute terms, the relatively high level of gender equality already achieved in Northern Europe is at least as advanced as the one proposed by the populists in South America.     

A Rising Tide? The Salience of Immigration and the Rise of Anti‐Immigration Political Parties in Western Europe

In this article, we consider the causes of the increase in voting for anti‐immigration parties in western Europe in the past decade. We first note that one of the most commonly assumed reasons for this increase is an associated increase in anti‐immigration sentiment, which we show is likely to be false. We also outline the major theoretical explanations, which we argue are likely to be incomplete. We then introduce our proposed explanation: these parties have benefitted from a sharp increase in the salience of immigration amongst some voters. We show that there are strong correlations over time between the salience of immigration and the polling of such parties in most western European countries. We argue that aspects of immigration in the last decade have activated pre‐existing opposition to immigration amongst a shrinking segment of the populations of western European states.     

Variation in policy success: radical right populism and migration policy

How do radical right populist parties influence government policies in their core issue of immigration? This article provides a systematic analysis of the direct and indirect effects of radical right anti-immigration parties on migration policy reforms in 17 West European countries from 1990 to 2014. Insights from migration policy theory serve to explain variations in the migration policy success of the radical right. While previous studies mostly treat migration policy as uniform, it is argued that this approach neglects the distinct political logics of immigration and integration policy. This article reveals significant variations in policy success by policy area. While immigration policies have become more liberal despite the electoral success of the radical right, when the radical right is in government office it enacts more restrictions in integration policies. Accordingly, anti-immigrant mobilisation is more likely to influence immigrants’ rights than their actual numbers.     

The Dialectic of Enlightenment Reconsidered

In the darkest days of the Second World War Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno overturned the wisdom of modern times by suggesting that the idea of a constant struggle between Enlightenment and myth overlooked an unacknowledged identity between these alleged eternal combatants. This paper will briefly explain this claim and examine it in its historical context, consider the responses of the subsequent generation to the first iteration of Dialectic of Enlightenment with its radical negation of this tradition, before concluding with a contemporary evaluation of its remaining relevance.     

马克思主义需要理论在大众化进程中的作用

通过关注人的物质需要、精神需要、发展需要以及需要的不同层次,逐步解决马克思主义大众化过程中不同群体对主流价值的认同与信仰问题,是实现马克思主义大众化的根本所在。     

氨基胍对内毒素血症肉鸡肝自由基损伤的影响

为了探讨自由基在肉鸡内毒素血症发病机理中的作用,将90只30日龄的肉鸡,公母各半,随机分为生理盐水对照组(A组)、内毒素注射组(B组)和氨基胍治疗组(C组),每组30只。分别在试验后第1、3、5、7和9 h每组各宰杀6只,提取肝组织,检测肝组织中的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果显示,内毒素血症时肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性降低,MDA含量明显升高,肝组织中T-AOC下降,而氨基胍治疗组的情况明显好转。证实,由自由基增多而引起的脂质过氧化损伤在肉鸡内毒素血症发病机理中起着重要的作用,氨基胍可有效降低脂质过氧化造成的损伤。     

Social welfare needs of residents in polluted areas: A case of Dioxin pollution in southern Taiwan

This article defines the social welfare needs of residents living in a severely polluted community by examining a set of communities around the An‐shun plant in southern Taiwan that were polluted by dioxin. The study examines the inhabitants' economic status, the communities' manpower utilization, and the prevention of social contingencies and the provision of aftercare. A survey conducted between March–April 2008 revealed the need to reduce poverty in these highly polluted communities, to identify and maximize each community's human resources, to address illness, aging, pollution, and lack of professional skills, and to better inform residents about pollution so that they can understand how to protect themselves. The article concludes with suggested programs to meet the social welfare needs of residents in a highly polluted community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用马斯洛需要层次论对传销组织精神控制的分析及对策

美国著名的人本主义心理学家马斯洛认为,人的一切行为都是由需要引起的,同时人类的需要也是分层次的,从低到高依次为生理的需要、安全的需要、爱与归属的需要、尊重的需要和自我实现的需要。我们就是用这个理论来分析传销组织是如何对发展对象采用"精神控制",利用其个体存在的浮躁心态,性格弱点和缺乏法制观念等因素使其经历心理排斥,饱和及相融等阶段后发生恶变,由受骗者转变为施骗者;同时利用其提供的理论依据对传销违法犯罪人员进行矫治,心理关助,认知干预和帮助救助等措施使之转化,寻找使其清醒的办法。     

氨基胍对内毒素血症肉鸡肝线粒体自由基代谢的影响

为探讨自由基在肉鸡内毒素血症发病机理中的作用,将120只30日龄的肉鸡,公母各半,随机分为A、B、C、D共4组,每组30只。A组为对照组,B组为内毒素组,C组为氨基胍治疗组,D组为氨基胍组。分别在处理后第1、3、5、7、9 h每组各宰杀6只提取肝线粒体,检测肝线粒体中的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果显示,内毒素血症时肝线粒体中SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性降低,MDA含量明显升高,肝线粒体中T-AOC活性下降,而氨基胍治疗组则情况明显好转。结果表明,由于自由基的增多而引起的脂质过氧化损伤在肉鸡内毒素血症发病机理中起着重要的作用,氨基胍可有效拮抗脂质过氧化造成的损伤。