六色荧光标记快速PCR扩增体系的建立及验证

目的建立PCR快速扩增程序和体系,并对其技术指标进行验证。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,对24个常染色体STR基因座、1个Y-STR基因座和Amelogenin、Y-In Del基因座进行复合扩增及毛细管电泳检测,同时考察体系的灵敏度、特异性、同一性、稳定性、混合样本及批量样本测试,并观察各种常见检材及降解、脱落细胞检材的分型情况。结果所建立的体系灵敏度达0.062 5 ng,快速扩增仅耗时65 min就可获得准确分型;种属特异性高;各种纸质血样本和混合、降解、脱落细胞检材的分型正确。结论本研究建立的快速扩增体系可显著提升检验速率,分型准确、稳定,对建立STR数据库、研究群体遗传学和进行法医学鉴定有重要意义。     

繁荣与困惑——单位犯罪研究30年的回顾与反思

我国单位犯罪刑事立法的政策和功利性,决定了相关理论研究的现实性。但理论研究固有的价值和使命决定了它可以超越实践。建立在不同基础之上的理论研究的功能价值应该有所区别。从我国的刑法基础和单位犯罪的立法演进看,自然人犯罪是追究单位刑事责任的基础,以此为基点的理论研究立足现实,对实践具有较强的指导意义。     

全球背景下中国纠纷解决机制之重构

全球化对中国纠纷解决提出了特殊要求,主要体现为回应型的纠纷解决机理及纠纷解决模式的趋同,在此背景下,应对中国的纠纷解决机制进行反思,并重构当代中国的纠纷解决机制。     

关于在高等学校实施开展导生制的几点思考

“导生制”作为一种重引导轻管理的教学模式,对解决大学生适应大学生活问题,有积极推动作用。高等学校学生教育管理工作大多实行班主任制和辅导员制,重学生的共性培养,轻学生的个性发展。在高校中推行“导生制”将是以上两种教育管理模式的有益补充。     

The United Kingdom and International Peacekeeping: 1960–2014

Abstract

The UK has continued to regard itself as a world power despite the reduction in its capability for intervention overseas. Its armed forces pride themselves on professionalism, competence and adaptability. In practice their involvement in peacekeeping operation has been sporadic given different priorities, defence cuts and public unease about military intervention overseas. The UK’s current involvement is minimal and the UK is likely to remain a marginal player for the foreseeable future.     

Astuteness in Commitment: Rwanda and UN Peacekeeping 1994–2014

Abstract

This article traces Rwanda’s history under German and Belgian colonialism, through independence and genocide to international respectability and membership of the Commonwealth. It examines Rwanda’s impressive contributions to United Nations and African Union peacekeeping forces. There is no single explanation for the magnitude of Rwanda’s contribution. It owes something to Rwanda’s commitment to ‘African solutions for African problems’. Deployment is relatively cheap and allows Rwanda to use its participation for political leverage in international affairs, to attract donors and to benefit financially. Peacekeeping is a factor in the astute foreign policy of Paul Kagame’s government that enhances its authority and stability at home and its prestige abroad.     

Short-Term Forces and Partisanship

One of the most intriguing aspects of the debate regarding the persistence of party identification is that proponents of different schools of thought have each managed to use the same quasi-experimental data and similar state of the art techniques to defend their point of view. In this article we argue that this debate cannot be resolved with quasi-experimental data alone and propose another method that we believe can help us triangulate in on the correct answer: experimentation. Two experiments are performed and analyzed. The first tests the hypothesis that party identification is updated in response to the vote choice; the second tests the hypothesis that candidate evaluations influence party choices. The results of our experiments provide some additional support for the traditional conception of partisanship as the unmoved mover of American politics.     

结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌PCR快速鉴别检测方法的建立

根据结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌基因组的比对分析结果,针对结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌153bp、RD10和TbD1的3处差异缺失区域设计引物,分别建立了结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌PCR快速鉴别检测方法.应用建立的3种方法分别对84株结核分枝杆菌、3株牛分枝杆菌、51株非结核分枝杆菌及9种其他常见菌株进行了检测.结果显示,用针对153 bp缺失片段建立的PCR方法分别在结核分枝杆菌及牛分枝杆菌中扩增出645 bp及492 bp的目的条带;用针对RD10、TbD1建立的PCR方法分别在结核分枝杆菌及牛分枝杆菌中扩增出478 bp及361 bp的目的条带、358 bp及524 bp的目的条带.这3种PCR检测方法的准确率和特异性均为100%.敏感性试验结果显示,这些检测方法对结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌基因组DNA的检测极限均为10 pg.表明,此方法可用于牛源或人源结核分枝杆菌及牛分枝杆菌的快速鉴别检测.     

Meet the Narco: increased competition among criminal organisations and the explosion of violence in Mexico

Several previous studies have found that interventions by security forces against criminal organisations result in increased violence related to organised crime. However, much less is known about how and why this effect occurs. Our study not only identifies the causal mechanisms that explain this outcome, but also evaluates the empirical validity of these mechanisms. Employing a novel data set, we find that following security-force intervention, the number of criminal organisations increases, and such greater fragmentation in turn raises the incidence of violence among criminal organisations as the relative power of the organisations changes. We employ a mediation model to verify the existence of these causal mechanisms. In addition, we find a decreasing rate of rise in levels of violence as the number of organisations increases.     

中国法治秩序建构理论的反思与重构--以日常生活批判理论为视角

本文运用日常生活批判理论对当代中国法治秩序建构理论进行了反思,认为当前法治秩序建构理论的致命弱点在于主体维度的缺失;法治秩序建构的本质在于由传统的日常生活世界向非日常生活世界跃迁;当代日常生活作为传统法律文化的寓所对于法治秩序的建构形成巨大的阻滞与消解因素;日常生活批判对于法治秩序的建构具有根基性价值.进而提出重构当代法治秩序建构理论的设想,即建构一套以国家(政府)为动力,以社会为基础,以日常生活批判和深层文化启蒙为主体维度的国家·社会·日常生活批判三位一体的新的法治秩序建构理论.