Testing a Predictive Model of Voter Behavior on the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election

Abstract

Utilizing a predictive model of voter behavior, this study identified the motivations behind a sample of voters who cast a ballot for George W. Bush and AI Gore in the 2000 presidential campaign. The motivations of the voters were differentiated on the basis of the “value” they sought in a president. In other words, just as companies in the “commercial marketplace” have to create value to attract customers, so does a candidate in the “political marketplace” who is seeking to carve out a niche for himself that separates him from his competition. Pairwise discriminant analysis is used to identify the motivations behind the choice behavior of voters at both the candidate and party level. The results reveal the complimentary roles that the political party and each candidate's campaign organization played in their respective marketing strategies.     

Advertising and the Image of Politicians in Evolving and Established Democracies

Abstract

The article¹ analyzes the constructivist and realist approaches to research on voting behavior in presidential elections in evolving (Poland) and established (U.S.) democracies. The influence of a politician's image on affective attitudes toward the candidate is stressed in the first approach; the other approach stresses the role of affect in forming such an image. Using experimental data from the 2000 presidential elections in each country, the research applied structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis to show the best way to use image construction to influence voting behavior and, in the realist approach, the key role of affects as the starting point for designing and creating politicans' images. The results of the research also show that Polish and American voters perceive slightly differently the socio-political reality created by the media, but in both countries political advertising plays an important role in creating political images.     

修订版外显攻击行为量表用于精神疾病患者危险行为评估

目的 探讨修订版外显攻击行为量表(Modified Overt Aggression Scales,MOAS)对精神疾病患者危险行为评估的价值.方法 采用MOAS对隶属公安、卫生、民政系统的3家精神卫生机构(安康监管病区、华西心理卫生中心、德康救治病区)共490名精神疾病患者根据痛史资料进行评估. 结果 无危险行为31...     

Detection of genotype recycling fraud in U.S. immigrants

Abstract: Relationship testing laboratories provide genetic evidence to support or refute claims of kinship between U.S. citizen petitioners and potential immigrant beneficiaries. One female beneficiary presented a male amelogenin type and alleles at 15 autosomal loci that were identical to an alleged brother’s. Laboratory records showed that her alleged father had petitioned to have 15 children emigrate from Ghana. The petitioner’s 15 paternity indices exceeded 10⁵, but the children shared only four short tandem repeat (STR) profiles, suggesting fraudulent reuse of genotypes in this alleged pedigree (AP). To determine the extent of this “genotype recycling,” I examined the laboratory’s 555 APs from Ghana and 532 control APs from Nigeria. Seventeen Ghanaian APs (3.1%) but no Nigerian APs showed genotype recycling. Of 90 tested people in the 17 APs, 56 shared identical STR profiles with others in their AP. Of these 56 people, 10 were petitioners with unexpectedly high parentage indices. Seven of 56 had amelogenin types that disagreed with their declared genders. Database searches for identical multilocus genotypes in allegedly different people would best detect this fraud.     

论房屋所有权初始登记应提交材料的范围

房屋所有权初始登记申请应提交材料的范围是严重困扰房地产登记实践的一个问题。繁杂的、"搭便车式"的申请材料提供要求导致房屋所有权初始登记的办理存在诸多障碍。在房屋已合法转让的情形下,这一问题更演化成"小业主办证难"问题,形成了尖锐的社会矛盾。这一难题的解决既涉及对房屋所有权初始登记制度功能的正确认识,也涉及行政法理论中的信赖保护原则在房屋所有权初始登记申请材料提交制度中的正确应用。立法及实践有必要在厘清这些问题的基础上,重新审视我国房屋所有权初始登记应提交材料的范围并妥善解决与此相关的一些法律问题。     

甲基苯丙胺对大鼠认知和脑电图的影响

目的研究甲基苯丙胺（methamphetamine,MA）对脑功能的影响机制,实验设计观察慢性反复使用MA是否同时对大鼠认知行为和脑电活动产生影响。方法 14只雄性SD大鼠（180～200g）随机分为生理盐水注射组（对照组）和MA注射组（实验组5mg/kg体重）每天一次腹腔注射。连续注射7d后进行被动避暗回避行为测试和脑电图检测。结果与对照组相比,实验组大鼠表现为被动避暗回避行为的潜伏期延长,脑电图频谱分析显示δ波相对功率值减小,β波相对功率值增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论慢性反复使用MA对大鼠被动回避行为和脑电活动均有影响,说明MA滥用造成的认知行为改变与中枢神经系统电生理活性改变有关。     

TOUGH LOVE? CRIME AND PARENTAL ASSISTANCE IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD*

Although informal social reactions to crime are key to many criminological theories, we know little about how readily offenders’ significant others reject and withdraw support from them. I explore the limits of others’ willingness to help offenders by studying parents’ financial assistance of grown offending and nonoffending offspring. I use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to show that, despite their strained relationships with their parents, young adult offenders receive more parental assistance than do their nonoffending peers and even their own nonoffending siblings. This is not because offenders have fewer financial resources, but it is partly because they tend to have a variety of other life circumstances that trigger parental assistance. I suggest that parents’ reactions to offending offspring are limited by role obligations and norms of familial duty.     

Manufacturing Trust: Community Currencies and the Creation of Social Capital

In this study I examine whether an innovative government program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in increasing the level of generalized interpersonal trust in the community by rewarding civic participation by local citizens. Japan has sponsored the development of a number of “community currency” programs at the local level that are designed to create social capital. A community currency is a local “money” that is only useable within a neighborhood or town. In a typical community currency program, a town rewards civic volunteers with credits to barter with other citizens, use at participating stores, or pay for town services. These programs are specifically designed to stimulate generalized trust by rewarding civic engagement and encouraging social interaction. I evaluate whether the new Tekona community currency program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in raising levels of trust among participants, as compared to a randomly selected control group of town residents. I find that community currency involvement increases general trust, which demonstrates that it is possible to institute government programs that create social capital.

当今青少年消费中存在的几个问题

在当今的中国,青少年已经成为一个具有强大消费能力的群体,并呈现出明显的群体消费特征。从问题角度看,青少年中存在着冲动型消费、符号性消费和偏差型消费几种比较突出的不良现象,相应的对策,是培养理性消费能力、构建科学的个性观与能力体系,以及营造健康的社会文化氛围。     

刑法视野中的原因自由行为

原因自由行为理论是西方一个颇具争论的问题 ,它对传统刑法理论原则具有补充和完善的作用。我国应以此理论为基础 ,借鉴其他国家的立法模式 ,修订并完善我国的刑法典。