Ticking all the boxes? A comparative study of social sorting and affective polarization

This study explores whether, in societies around the world, affective polarization – or animosity between citizens based on their political allegiance – is stronger if political divisions align with non-political ones. Such ‘social sorting’ has earlier been established to foster affective polarization in the United States. In this study, I argue that the underlying mechanism travels across the globe. I then present two complementary studies which confirm this hypothesis. First, I employ CSES data to predict the level of affective polarization by social sorting at 119 elections in 40 countries, showing that greater alignment of partisan divisions with non-political divisions in a society (along the lines of income, education, religion and region) is associated with stronger dislike towards political outgroups. Second, using Dutch panel data, I show that individuals who fit the socio-demographic ‘profile’ of their party better tend to be more affectively polarized. This has important implications for our understanding of affective polarization.     

The electoral consequences of anti-Muslim prejudice

A growing body of research has documented the development of pervasive anti-Muslim sentiment among White Americans. We build on this research to demonstrate that anti-Muslim attitudes and negative stereotypes of Muslim people have become an enduring and consistent component of White Americans' presidential vote choice beyond any one specific candidate or election. We argue that the racialization of Muslim Americas has increased their salience and significance in both the minds of White Americans and in national political discourse, making attitudes toward Muslims a consistent predictor of Whites’ presidential candidate evaluations in every election since at least 2004. We support this account with empirical evidence from the 2004–2020 American National Election Studies, using measures of group affect and negative stereotypes of Muslim people.     

The legislative consequences of Mexico’s mixed-member electoral system, 2000–2009

The emergence of mixed-member electoral systems across the globe has been an attempt to balance local representation through single-member districts (SMD) with programmatic representation through proportional representation lists (PR). However, there are several competing theoretical interpretations for the consequences of mixed systems on legislative bodies. Through a study of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies, I test several empirical implications of these competing theories by examining the impact of the electoral system on party discipline, participation, and legislative organization. I find little convincing evidence of differences between legislators elected through PR and those elected through SMD in their levels of party discipline, but I do find that PR legislators participate in a manner theoretically consistent with their mode of election. I also find that PR legislators have disproportionate control over key leadership positions. I suggest the primary reasons for these findings is due to differing methods of candidate selection and restricted use of dual candidacy.     

Impacts of transactional and transformational leaderships upon organizational citizenship behavior

A leader as one of the determiners in organizational direction and objectives must be able to respond to the development. Basically, leadership is a process influencing activity in a group directed toward the achievement of one or several objectives. In the context of empowerment of human resources in order to produce professional employees having high integrity, the presence of a standard is required which can be used as a guideline by the organization in solving the problems. Such guideline is the organizational citizenship behavior which systematically directs the employees to improve their work commitment. And based on the above explanation, it can be formulated whether there is any impact of transactional leadership and transformational leadership upon the organizational citizenship behavior at PT Aneka Putra Santosa. The analytical techniques applied are the multiple linear regression analysis, multiple determination coefficient analysis, and partial determination coefficient analysis. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that there is a simultaneous impact between transactional leadership and transformational leadership upon the organizational citizenship behavior with the F arithmetical regression value at the sum of 13.620. The magnitude of free variable impact contribution to the bound variable is 33.50%, whereas the remaining is influenced by other variables not being investigated in the model. Partially, the partial contribution of transactional leadership variable to organizational citizenship behavior is 0.233 or 23.30%, whereas contribution of transformational leadership variable to organizational citizenship behavior is 0.272 or 27.20%. Thus, it can be concluded that transformational leadership has more dominant impact in setting up the organizational citizenship behavior.     

"项目场域"利益相关者的心态、行为及角色定位——对G县J水电项目的调查与思考

目前,我国正处于工业化和城市化建设加速时期,随着经济建设和社会发展的速度加快,各地纷纷上马许多建筑工程项目。以“场域”理论为分析视角．以G县J水电工程项目为例,详细描述和分析在“项目场域”中政府（县、乡镇）、投资商（水电站）、村委会、村民（移民、非移民）的心态与行为表现,以及他们在“项目场域”中应然的角色定位。并提出为了确保各利益相关者在“项目场域”中从“各谋其利”到现“利益共赢”,实现“项目场域”的良性运行与协调发展．以及当地社会的公平公正与和谐发展。必须在当前我国国内投资的工程项目建设中引入真正的公共参与机制和社会评价机制。     

实地勘验中的现场保护行为研究

实地勘验中的现场保护行为直接关系到现场勘查的质量,然而一直以来被侦查人员忽视。本文从实地勘验中现场保护的重要性入手,主要论述了实地勘验中的现场保护行为的内容,并进一步对完善实地勘验中现场保护行为的制约机制提出建议。     

1996年以来台湾地区领导人选举中的经济投票行为研究

经济投票理论认为,执政者的经济表现决定选民投票行为,当选民认为执政者应为经济表现不佳负责,或选民对未来经济评估悲观时,会投票支持反对党,以惩罚执政党;反之则继续支持执政党.台湾地区虽采行西方选举制度,但选民在自1996年以来的台湾地区领导人选举中的经济投票行为(包括回顾性经济投票和展望性经济投票)都表现出强烈的异质性.这与台湾特殊政治生态和独特的选民结构密切关联.未来,选民的经济投票行为能否回归常态,取决于台湾社会的主要分歧线是两岸关系议题还是经济民生议题.     

地方政府公信力危机的政府行为因素

地方政府的公信力危机的日益严重,成为当前政府信誉下降的主要原因。地方政府公信力危机的主要因素源于行政中的自娱自乐、自我服务,管理中的私利膨胀,行政的目无法纪,行使行政权力的任性,监管职能的缺失,行政执行中的欺上瞒下,以及神秘行政等。因此,破解地方政府的公信力危机已势在必行。     

The Ethical Implications of Altering Public Sector Accountability Models: The Case of the Atlanta Cheating Scandal

ABSTRACT

Outcome based policies promote the use performance accountability models. However, the impact these policies have on the ethical culture of public sector organizations has not been adequately assessed. This research examines performance accountability reforms by examining the City of Atlanta’s implementation of federal and state performance policies. The analysis reveals the use of performance models in vulnerable organizations negatively impact employees’ ethical behavior. Teachers and administrators altered test results, delivered threats, misled parents and students about performance outcomes, and were dishonest with state investigators to give the illusion that performance goals had been met or exceeded.