Echoes of a fading past: Authoritarian legacies and far-right voting

In recent years, electoral support for the far-right has increased dramatically across the world. This phenomenon is especially acute in some new democracies; however, little attention has been devoted to the effects of the legacies of past authoritarian ideologies. We argue that the ideology of the past regime affects far-right support because voters that were politically socialized under authoritarianism will be biased against its ideological brand. To test this argument, we conduct an individual-level analysis across 20 countries between 1996 and 2018 using a difference-in-difference estimation and a country-level analysis using data from 39 democracies between 1980 and 2018. We demonstrate that voters socialized under right-wing dictatorships are less likely to support far-right parties compared to citizens that were socialized under different circumstances. Moreover, support for far-right parties is significantly lower in countries that transitioned from right-wing autocracies. Findings are discussed in light of the contribution to the far-right movement literature.     

Dismemberment and Mutilation: A Data-Driven Exploration of Patterns,Motives, and Styles

Classification of violent behavior, including dismemberment and mutilation, has become increasingly more significant. This study uses a data-driven classification system based upon knowledge drawn from the pertinent literature, and examination of cases of offenders who have dismembered or mutilated their victims. The latter were extracted from the Serial Killer Database, as well as media sources, and assessed for characteristics of the perpetrators and victim(s). An informational form was developed and used to establish quantitative parameters and objectively extract pertinent information that could be used for comparison and pattern analysis. Motives and styles, as well as the organized/disorganized dichotomy for murder and dismemberment/mutilation, were examined for each case. The majority of cases demonstrated defensive styles (60%), with the second most common being offensive styles (26%), which differs from previous studies that do not exclude older cases. Additionally, 68% of cases reflected organized patterns for both murder and the acts of dismemberment or mutilation. The results support a data-driven classification system that may serve as a foundational model for the investigation of specific motives of this type of deviant behavior in future research.     

抵押合同债法效力的解释进路

《中华人民共和国民法典》第400条承袭《中华人民共和国物权法》第185条对《中华人民共和国担保法》第41条规定的抵押合同生效模式进行了改变,但同样未就抵押合同的债法效力问题作出明文规定。《中华人民共和国民法典》颁布前,就登记要件主义下抵押未登记时的抵押人责任,既有理论和司法实践将《中华人民共和国合同法》第107条之适用视为当然,对此,应当予以系统反思。就债法面向的抵押合同及抵押登记义务,在保证合同进路与买卖合同进路之外,存在以原因行为无偿性为切入点的赠与合同解释路径,抵押合同(之债权行为面向)之无名部分可以类推适用《中华人民共和国民法典》合同编赠与合同规则;进而,抵押登记义务因《中华人民共和国民法典》第658条第1款之任意撤销权而应予以柔化,从而使得《中华人民共和国民法典》第577条之当然适用一般性地落空;同时,柔化之抵押登记义务,可据《中华人民共和国民法典》第658条第2款之公证再予以要式强化;抵押登记义务柔化几乎一概性地排除了抵押人违约责任的证立,但债权人利益保护仍得于"三层次担保结构"中渐次加持而得以周全。     

论我国监狱管理行为的司法审查

特别权力关系理论的渗透以及对监狱管理行为性质认识的误区,导致监狱管理行为长期游离于司法审查范围之外,导致服刑人员权益得不到切实维护。将监狱管理行为纳入司法审查具有重要意义,但基于服刑人员的特殊地位,只有日常的、涉及到"重要事项"的监狱管理行为,且在服刑人员穷尽内部救济的情况下才能提起诉讼。     

产业集群创新体系中政府行为研究

产业集群能够有效促进技术创新,同时技术创新对改善产业集群生命周期具有重要的作用。产业集群创新体系是促进技术创新的有效途径,然而中国产业集群技术创新体系存在诸多问题,影响了集群的技术创新。政府在产业集群技术创新体系中扮演了重要角色,该文将产业集群技术创新体系划分为三个层次,从政府行为角度出发,分析了完善产业集群技术创新体系的对策措施。     

Is the Nexus of Gang Membership,Exposure to Violence,and Violent Behavior a Key Determinant of First Time Gun Carrying for Urban Minority Youth?

Two waves of longitudinal data from a high-poverty sample of minority youth living in extreme poverty was used to determine if the nexus (or intersection) of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1 is a precursor of first time gun carrying T2. The findings indicated a significant amount of overlap between gang membership, exposure to violence, and violent behavior. The multivariate findings also revealed that: (1) the effect of exposure to violence T1 on initiation of gun carrying T2 became non-significant after controlling for gang membership T1 and violent behavior T1; and (2) only 1.8% of youth were part of the nexus of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1, but they were 665% more likely to initiate gun carrying T2. The theoretical and policy implications of the findings for the prevention of youth gun violence as well as areas for future research are also discussed.     

Youth Behavior,School Structure,and Student Risk of Victimization

Although a growing body of research on student safety focuses on school disorder, school climate, and the intersection of community/situational factors, comparatively less research has focused specifically on the individual‐ and school‐level factors that put students at risk of victimization in the immediate school environ. The present study is an attempt to broaden our understanding of the contribution of schools and school behavior to the victimization experiences of students. We compare traditional routine activity constructs to understand whether and how they differentially influence the risk of community and school victimization. Additionally, we investigate what school‐related variables (behavioral and structural) explain variation in young people’s risk for school victimization.     

未成年人刑事案件不公开审理:“审理时”抑或“行为时”?——对《刑事诉讼法修正案》中一个持续谬误的纠偏探讨

我国《刑事诉讼法》对未成年人刑事案件不公开审理制度予以了规定。其时点理应以"犯罪时"(即"行为时")为准,而最高人民法院2001年的相关司法解释却将其错误地确定为以"审理时"为准。这一谬误一直未受到有力的质疑,且最近的《刑事诉讼法修正案》将这一谬误予以升格性的持续。该谬误源于对未成年人刑事案件不公开审理制度基本原理的模糊认识,迫切需要得到澄清和修正。     

论政府行为模式从控制向引导的转变

自政府产生以来,都是以社会控制为基本职能,统治阶级的利益实现,社会秩序的获得等,都是通过政府的社会控制去实现的。农业社会的统治型政府是运用暴力和在暴力的支持下去进行社会控制,工业社会的管理型政府则是通过法治的方式进行社会控制,同时,也有着不断刷新控制技术的追求。但是,任何一种形式的社会控制,都会出现"控制悖论",有的时候,也会出现"控制失灵"的问题。20世纪后期以来,尽管学者们围绕政府的社会控制做出了各种各样的探索,尽管政府的控制技术得到不断的提升,但是,社会的复杂性和不确定性也迅速地增长,从而使政府一直处于控制能力不足的局面。其实,在人类社会进入高度复杂性和高度不确定性的时代,政府的社会控制追求如果不改变的话,将会使政府陷入与社会全面对立的境地。在这种条件下,政府必须从根本上放弃控制导向的行为模式,代之以引导取向的行为模式。其中,建构引导型政府职能模式是保证政府发挥引导作用而不是控制功能的正确路径。     

论危机事件中网络集群行为的发生机制及调控

危机事件往往引起网络集群行为。网络集群行为是一种网络舆论现象,网络媒介属性使其与现实集群行为存在显著差异。社会转型时期矛盾聚集是其发展的根源,社会环境、群体心理、信息认知、网络特性和媒介影响网络集群行为。调控网络集群行为的措施有:信息公开、舆论引导、网站自律、网络立法、网络监管、提高网民的媒介素养和建立分析研究机构。