判例法的借鉴与本土化--构建中国特色的先例参照制度

借鉴判例法来完善我国的司法体制是我国司法改革的趋势,应当构建中国特色的先例参照制度。先例的制定主体包括各级人民法院,先例具有参照的效力,法官具备区分技能是先例适用的前提条件,先例的更替不具有溯及力。     

农民土地维权行动方式考察及法律对策研究

在评析国内外农民土地维权三种观点基础上,认为＂日常抵抗＂、＂依法抗争＂、＂以法抗争＂三种理论模型均存在一定的缺陷,认为就农民阶层的行为动力层面考察,相对剥夺理论更具价值与逻辑双向解释力。根据该理论,主张中国乡村地权的残缺以及法律的倾斜,导致失地农民阶层谈判能力缺失或被削弱,当上访与司法救济均呈现为低效应时,失地农民往往倾向于选择群体性维权路径,以追求维权行动的有效性与利益的最大化,在此基础上进而提出农村土地国有化,土地法权模型趋向开放性,简单化方向发展为解决困局的可能之路。     

教育财政支出占GDP4％目标的实现与选择性政策执行——基于江西省县域面板数据的分析

现有的政策执行机制和地方财力是否能够确保1993年就已提出的“国家财政性教育投入占GDP4％”目标在2012年得到实现？江西省1997--2006年教育支出比重的变化显示,地方自有财力的增长并没有相应地提高教育的支出比重。中央的财政政策偏好对地方的财政支出结构有非常重要的影响。中国政策过程中的政治集权和干部管理上的组织控制,使得中央政府可以有效地影响地方政府的支出偏好,如果将教育投入比重达到GDP4％列为地方官员的政绩进行考核,并加大对欠发达地区教育的转移支付力度,就可以从改变官员的支出偏好和提供财力支持上保证这一目标的实现。     

How important are interview methods and questionnaire designs in research on self-reported juvenile delinquency? An experimental comparison of Internet vs paper-and-pencil questionnaires and different definitions of the reference period

There has been relatively little change over recent decades in the methods used in research on self-reported delinquency. Face-to-face interviews and self-administered interviews in the classroom are still the predominant alternatives envisaged. New methods have been brought into the picture by recent computer technology, the Internet, and an increasing availability of computer equipment and Internet access in schools. In the autumn of 2004, a controlled experiment was conducted with 1,203 students in Lausanne (Switzerland), where “paper-and-pencil” questionnaires were compared with computer-assisted interviews through the Internet. The experiment included a test of two different definitions of the (same) reference period. After the introductory question (“Did you ever...”), students were asked how many times they had done it (or experienced it), if ever, “over the last 12 months” or “since the October 2003 vacation”. Few significant differences were found between the results obtained by the two methods and for the two definitions of the reference period, in the answers concerning victimisation, self-reported delinquency, drug use, failure to respond (missing data). Students were found to be more motivated to respond through the Internet, take less time for filling out the questionnaire, and were apparently more confident of privacy, while the school principals were less reluctant to allow classes to be interviewed through the Internet. The Internet method also involves considerable cost reductions, which is a critical advantage if self-reported delinquency surveys are to become a routinely applied method of evaluation, particularly so in countries with limited resources. On balance, the Internet may be instrumental in making research on self-reported delinquency far more feasible in situations where limited resources so far have prevented its implementation.

近代宪法学说发展的四个阶段

近代宪法学说有个发展过程。这个过程既是向西方学习的过程,同时也是国人不断反省传统的与既存的制度与文化的过程。在此过程中,国人为了早日改变积贫积弱落后挨打的被动局面、实现迅速崛立于世界富强国家民族之林的梦想,努力地拿西方先进的东西特别是西方宪法和宪政来改造中国。此处尝试把近代宪法学说的发展过程划分成四个阶段,以便更清晰地理出近代宪政运动先行者的求索历程,努力从宪法学说理论及其实践的结合上展现出中国近代宪法学说和宪政运动的演进路线,探析其中的经验和教训,以期为当前蓬勃发展的新时期宪法学说理论和宪政建设的健康实践提供参考和借鉴。     

王符财经原则思想简析

王符是东汉时期著名的思想家,所著《潜夫论》中蕴含着丰富的财经原则思想,概而言之,包括诸如生产开源、富民为本、重视工商、惜时爱日、人地相称、禁绝游业、去奢节流和德取定制等内容,其中有些思想至今仍有借鉴意义。     

Evaluation of Skin Surface as an Alternative Source of Reference DNA Samples: A Pilot Study

An acceptable area for collecting DNA reference sample is a part of the forensic DNA analysis development. The aim of this study was to evaluate skin surface cells (SSC) as an alternate source of reference DNA sample. From each volunteer (n = 10), six samples from skin surface areas (forearm and fingertips) and two traditional samples (blood and buccal cells) were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and quantified then genotyped using standard techniques. The highest DNA concentration of SSC samples was collected using the tape/forearm method of collection (2.1 ng/μL). Cotton swabs moistened with ethanol yielded higher quantities of DNA than swabs moistened with salicylic acid, and it gave the highest percentage of full STR profiles (97%). This study supports the use of SSC as a noninvasive sampling technique and as a extremely useful source of DNA reference samples among certain cultures where the use of buccal swabs can be considered socially unacceptable.     

二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质的研制（2）-定值和不确定度评定

目的对研制的二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质进行定值,并评定定值结果的不确定度。方法采用定量核磁共振法和质量平衡法进行定值;采用液质联用法用于有机物杂质的定性分析,采用电感耦合等离子质谱法、离子色谱法、顶空-气质联用法和卡尔费休滴定法测定无机阳离子、阴离子、挥发性有机溶剂残留和水分等杂质的含量。结果定量核磁共振法的纯度为95．6％,不确定度为0．13％;质量平衡法的纯度为95．3％,不确定度为0．93%。结论二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质的纯度值为95．6％,扩展不确定度为1．2％（k=2）。     

论证券发行审核制度

通过对证券发行审核制度进行合理的分类,核准制与注册制,并对两种制度从含义、特征、监管理念及立法思想等方面作详尽而深入的比较分析,提出核准制与注册制相互借鉴、共同发展的观点,联系我国的证券发行审核制度的沿革与发展,希望能对我国的证券发行审核制度的改革与完善有所裨益。     

美国性骚扰法律制度及其借鉴意义

性骚扰是不受欢迎的带有性色彩的言行,是一种非法的性歧视。依美国判例,性骚扰不必源于性的目的,其内容不必是直接的表示;同时,性骚扰行为者在主观上应当是有过错的,受害者在主观上须为不欢迎骚扰行为。构成可诉的性骚扰行为其损害后果须达到严重的程度。依美国最新判例,同性之间也可以构成性骚扰;雇主对员工中的上级职员的性骚扰行为承担民事责任。美国的性骚扰法律制度对我国的立法具有一定的借鉴意义,如公法上的规定并不排除私法的适用,性骚扰的含义应当包含性别歧视,雇主责任应当在立法上得以确立,立法者应当在道德规范和法律规范中寻找平衡点。