用MSCT沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组技术鉴定鼻骨线性骨折

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组(MPR)技术在鼻骨线性骨折法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法以MSCT轴位平扫和沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组(MPR),对98例头面部外伤患者进行检查。结果 MSCT轴位平扫诊断:鼻骨正常和线性骨折(单侧或双侧)分别为29例和69例,阳性率70.4%。MSCT沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组(MPR)复诊:鼻骨正常的和线性骨折分别为19例和79例,阳性率80.6%。结论采用MSCT沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组技术可发现常规MSCT轴位平扫未能检见的鼻骨线性骨折,对法医学鉴定具有更高的应用价值。     

《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》解读与评析

本文就《人体损伤程鉴定标准》（以下简称《标准》）立法本意、“重伤一级”与残疾等级的对应关系、标准框架、标准中存在的技术问题等内容，予以解读。本文作者认为，（1）《标准》满足了司法审判中对“严重残疾”予以医学界定的需求，其中的“重伤一级”即是对“严重残疾”的明确界定。（2）对比分析显示：“重伤一级”的24个条款中，有23个属“严重残疾”状态，其残疾等级分属“1-4级”。（3）《标准》延续了原重伤、轻伤标准的鉴定原则不变，并修订大量条款，使其更具有可操作性（4）《标准》大量吸纳了国际上ICF、GEPI等残疾分类的新理念，更具有进步性。当然，研究显示，标准亦存在一些技术问题：（1）不符合《中华人民共和国标准化法》对技术标准的形式要件要求；（2）标准条款之间有不平衡、不严谨的现象；等等。预测：在未来的几年内，对《标准》条款的解读、争议、规制，将是中国法医临床学研究的主要内容之一。     

椎弓崩裂与外伤伤病关系法医学鉴定26例分析

目的阐述椎弓崩裂与外伤之间伤病关系的法医学鉴定要点。方法收集26例椎弓崩裂案例,从年龄、伴随症状、治疗方式、致伤方式等方面讨论此类病例的特点。结果认定外伤与损伤后果之间存在一定因果关系的2例被鉴定人年龄均在50岁以下,致伤方式均为高能量损伤,且均伴有合并伤,2例患者均接受了手术治疗。结论应关注50岁以下中青年外伤后椎弓崩裂与外伤之间的伤病关系分析。对于选择手术治疗者,更需分析两者之间的伤病关系。     

利用尸食性蚤蝇推断死亡时间的法医学研究进展

死亡时间的准确推断一直是法医学的难题。昆虫学方法已被认为是死亡时间推断的有效方法。尸食性蝇类发育生物学在死亡时间推断中有着重要地位。蚤蝇体形微小,在相对密闭的空间,可成为尸体上主要的甚至是唯一的昆虫证据。本文从尸食性蚤蝇的作用、种属鉴定以及日龄推断方面,综述了利用尸食性蚤蝇推断死亡时间的法医学研究进展。     

Gender-specific differences – first results from a survey on dental surgery

This study focuses on dental surgery from the perspective of practicing dentists through a nationwide survey among practicing dentists in Germany. Subjects were surveyed with respect to patient care and their training in dental surgery. With respect to surgical activity, this survey confirms male dominance in the field and that female dentists may be inclined grade surgical interventions as ‘complicated and risky’. Male dentists appear to be willing to take the same risks with greater self-confidence, whereas female dentists appear to overrate their personal uncertainty by underestimating their real technical capabilities. Though dental treatment in general is increasingly dominated by women, surgery is still dominated by male dentists. This can be viewed through observed gender differences with respect to risk perception and we advocate additional professional training of risk competence as mandatory for the future.     

眼部损伤程度鉴定意见一致性的影响因素分析

目的 分析眼部损伤程度重新鉴定意见不一致的原因,为此类鉴定提供借鉴.方法 选取法大法庭科学技术鉴定研究所2016～2019年受理的108例眼部损伤程度重新鉴定案例进行回顾性分析.结果 鉴定时机的选择、鉴定材料的利用、检验方法 的采用、损伤的论证、标准条款的理解等问题是重新鉴定与原鉴定意见不一致的常见原因.结论 针对上述...     

Scientific capacity building and the ontologies of herbal medicine in Ghana

Abstract

The Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine, a large herbal medicine research center in Ghana, has received important research equipment and training through a transnational research collaboration involving the Japanese International Cooperation Agency. By situating this project in regional debates about traditional medicine research priorities and the ontologies of plant medicine, this article argues that the collaboration had the perceived effect of standardizing research practices oriented toward drug discovery rather than the rationalization of crude drug preparations. This shows that “capacity-building” components of research collaborations should not be taken as the transfer of neutral goods from one location to another. They are charged with the political potential to make crucial decisions about the objects of research in postcolonial Africa.     

The politics of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: government action and public response

A decade ago it seemed likely that African governments would be destabilised by the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This article tests some of the presumptions in such forecasting with an examination of the South African case. It begins with an assessment of the effects on the public health system of the South African government’s efforts to cope with the illness. Efforts to implement universal treatment of people who are HIV-positive appear to have strengthened government, while the costs have been affordable. The efforts have extended the embrace of the public health system and prompted the engagement of civil society in policy formation and implementation. Survey evidence suggests that the government has gained public approval and that its health service delivery has become more socially accountable. Civil protest to engender political reforms in the treatment of AIDS patients has enhanced the role of constitutional checks on executive authority.     

导致法医临床学鉴定结论偏差的原因

随着法制建设的日臻完善和人民群众法制意识的不断增强,法医活体检验方面存在的问题越来越多地被暴露出来,从而使法医临床学鉴定的科学性和公信度大打折扣,使法医鉴定工作陷入尴尬境地。     

薄层螺旋CT扫描在肋骨骨折法医学鉴定中的应用分析

目的 明确薄层螺旋CT扫描及其图像后处理功能对肋骨骨折的诊断价值.方法 取2018年在本鉴定所进行肋骨骨折摄片复查的被鉴定人为研究对象,年龄为41～80岁,共计125例,所有对象均在本鉴定所进行薄层螺旋CT扫描,根据现场CT影像学检查进行图像后处理并作出诊断,采用卡方检验对相关数据进行分析.结果 本所复查的案例中,64...