An assessment of the proportionality of regulation of ‘over the top’ communications services under Europe's common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services

‘Over the top’ communications services such as Skype and FaceTime are changing the way we communicate, carrying voice and video traffic over the Internet. Unlike traditional mobile and fixed line alternatives, these services fall outside the reach of the common regulatory framework. Whilst an absence of regulation is not appropriate, neither is subjecting these services to the full gamut of regulation the path forward: an analysis of the core elements of the regulatory frameworks reveals that, in respect of data retention and privacy, harmonisation of regulation is appropriate. The remaining challenge is determining whether effective regulation could indeed be imposed on services offered from outside the EU.     

Reassembling Gender: On the Immanent Politics of Gendering Apparatuses of Bodily Production in Science

Abstract

Arguing that new feminist materialist work has insufficiently attended to how gender is differently materialized and embodied in practices with non-human others, this article examines ethnographically what genderings come to matter in the knowledge-making practices of mass spectrometry and peer review in a Czech research laboratory. The article returns to Donna Haraway's analytics of the ‘apparatus of bodily production’ and its extension by Karen Barad as a productive device for tracing the situational making and unmaking of gender in specific human–technology assemblages and the sedimenting histories of such intra-actions. Through a triple movement of disassembling, contextualizing and reassembling particular embodiments, the author brings unstable, implicit and absent genderings, and their affective textures, affordances and valuations to the fore, including the corporeal orientations associated with enterprising adrenalin-driven masculinity and denigrated forms of embodiment such as shame and defeat. The article shows how these (de)genderings render present tensions and exclusions in prevailing apparatuses of knowledge production and pose questions of responsibility.     

论宏观审慎层面金融监管体制改革方向

宏观审慎监管强调从金融体系整体出发以有效防范系统风险，发达经济体的监管改革实践表明，虽然监管体制模式存在差异，但明确负责系统风险防范的监管机构已成为当下宏观审慎层面金融监管体制改革的共识。单一监管制是在完善监管机构职责基础上强化中央银行维护金融稳定的权责完善的系统风险防范体制，多头监管制则是建立独立的负责系统风险防范的机构或组织。上述两种模式实质体现出中央银行与监管机构的协调合作以及监管机构之间的协调合作是宏观审慎层面金融监管体制的改革方向。完善我国的部级监管联席会议制度将为未来我国宏观审慎层面监管体制的改革方向。     

党建工作在现代企业制度中的难点及对策

目前国有企业在建立现代企业制度过程中,党对企业的政治领导遇到了一系列难点问题。因此,要强化企业党建工作,实行党委与企业法人治理结构“双向进入,交叉任职”,设立决策咨询委员会,优化监事会人选。     

未成年人违法犯罪的量刑规范化研究

国内外司法界、学术界乃至立法机关在如何化解量刑不均衡问题上进行了大量的探索,国内要求量刑规范化改革的呼声越来越高,最高人民法院也已经出台了量刑规范化的试行文件。未成年人违法犯罪是近年来学术界和实务界一直关注的焦点,但有关量刑规范化的研究尚不深入,通过探讨未成年人违法犯罪的量刑规范化问题以期能够引起学界和实务界的重视。     

我国平台经济监管的理论逻辑与政策实践

理解我国平台经济监管政策和分析未来发展趋势，需要把握其内在的理论逻辑。研究认为，与 传统经济模式相比，平台经济的独特性使得原有监管制度面临巨大挑战，这是平台经济监管的经济逻辑。我国 进入构建新发展格局、努力实现经济社会高质量发展和全面提升政府治理能力的新阶段，完善平台经济监管也 有其制度逻辑。近年来我国在平台经济监管理念和政策措施创新方面都取得了积极进展，同时监管中也存在一 些亟待解决的问题。面向未来看，我国平台经济监管呈现出全链条化、法治化和常态化、多元主体协同、多种 技术手段支撑等发展趋势，加强以信用为基础的间接监管将成为我国构建长效化平台经济监管体系的重要任务。     

被遗忘的权利———社交网站引发的隐私权规制困境与对策研究

随着社交网络时代的到来,人们开始在现实世界里运用互联网、以数字化方式建立人际交往关系、表达和传递自己的个人信息.互联网这一“第四媒体”在生活中的悄然融入,虽然为人们提供了一个“共享信息、展示自我”的平台,但由此引发的隐私过度暴露问题却不容小觑.鉴于社交网站所引发的隐私争议,以语境完整性理论的视角分析争议背后的隐私风险与规制困境,在借鉴域外保护隐私权的成功经验基础上,探讨我国保护网络隐私权的有效机制,以期为网络隐私权保护的实践运作提供理论参考.     

英国执行欧盟细胞指令的经验和启示简

英国为执行欧盟人体组织和细胞三个指令在立法和执法上所作的努力及其获得的成功,对于我国建立人体组织细胞法律制度,发展监管科学,有效治理“干细胞治疗”乱象,具有重要借鉴价值.在实证的基础上,分析、介绍英国人体组织法的基础、基本制度和运作方式,设想中国干细胞疗法监管科学的框架,应当包括监管的目标和长远战略、科学立法、制度文化、监管体制与执法机制、行业治理、患者维权的伦理—法律问题等.     

Uber Über regulation? Regulatory change following the emergence of new technologies in the taxi market

Can emerging technologies transform not only markets, but also foster new regulatory change mechanisms? In the context of prevailing theories of regulatory change, this article explores the extent to which an interest‐based explanation can account for the regulatory responses toward emerging Transportation Network Companies (TNCs). Based on a primary cross‐city analysis of the 40 largest cities in the United States, the study found that although the existence of ex ante interest groups indeed somewhat limited the extent of ex post regulatory acceptance of TNCs, regulators seemed to prefer the newcomers over existing incumbents and approved TNCs in 77.5 percent of the examined cities, rarely pursuing harsh enforcement even when TNCs operated illegally. The research attempts to explain this intriguing phenomenon by extending the interest‐based approach to account for the key role played by “technological regulatory entrepreneurs.” The entrepreneurs bridged collective action barriers by becoming the central agent that managed, and reaped the benefits of, the collective action, by lowering the organizational costs and by disseminating information effectively and turning consumers into political campaigners, thus successfully promoting regulatory change.     

Private regulatory capture via harmonization: An analysis of global retailer regulatory intermediaries

Studies using the Regulatory–Intermediary–Target (RIT) framework have examined a variety of forms of regulatory capture, including how targets capture intermediaries (T?I) and how intermediaries capture regulators (I?R). Little attention has been paid to why and how regulators themselves might engage in capture. Yet such a scenario is likely in transnational governance settings characterized by regulatory competition and conflict, as well as power differentials between different types of private regulators (non‐governmental organizations, multinational corporations, and business associations). This paper elucidates why and how a private regulator might capture another private regulator via a regulatory intermediary: R1?I?R2. Drawing on interview and archival data, I examine three industry‐driven regulatory intermediaries created to harmonize private labor codes of conduct and ethical audit processes. These are founded and governed by a small group of retail trade associations and global retailers who also fulfill the role of private regulators (R1). My analysis reveals that the creation of these intermediaries is driven by global retailers’ reliance on standardization, low transaction costs, and regulatory harmonization across all aspects of their operations. It further reveals how the harmonization platforms are designed to leverage global retailers’ market power and evolve from regulatory intermediaries into de facto regulators that supplant existing private regulators (R2), and thereby capture transnational governance of consumer product supply chains. The article concludes by discussing contributions, implications, and avenues for future research.