浅谈美国金融危机的成因及对中国的影响

本文首先回顾了次贷危机如何逐渐演变为全球性的金融危机，然后层层剖析了其原因，再分析了在金融危机中，中国会受到或已经受到哪些影响，最后，针对前述的分析提出相关的启示以及在金融危机中的应对措施。     

Political interference and regulatory resilience in Brazil

Governments face a fundamental tradeoff between regulatory independence and control. Attempts of interference have the effect of reducing the system's level of commitment and credibility. On the other hand, an administration runs the risk that the autonomy delegated to regulators might be used to pursue outcomes that may harm their interests. This tradeoff is particularly relevant when there is an alternation of power with the arrival of a new political elite with different preferences. This paper uses data from a 2016 survey on regulatory governance applied to Brazilian regulatory agencies. This data is compared to a similar survey performed in 2005. The new survey results turn out to be surprisingly similar to those of a decade earlier, suggesting strong resilience of regulatory agencies despite significant attempts at political interference by powerful presidents. The factors explaining the resilience of regulatory governance in Brazil lie in its broader institutional endowment, which moderates the effects of executive interference.     

Coordinating intermediaries: The prospects and limitations of professional associations in decentralized regulation

A key question in understanding regulation through independent intermediaries is the extent to which intermediary actions are either coordinated, thereby supporting consistency in regulatory application, or uncoordinated, leading to monitoring and enforcement disparities. This paper examines professional associations as one mechanism by which policy action may be coordinated in decentralized arrangements. Professional associations provide means and venues for members to interact, offer training and education that develops shared understanding of policy directives, are collective representation bodies for professional members, and may play an important role in establishing and enforcing collective standards for appropriate behavior. We examine these functions in the decentralized administration of United States organic food certification, focusing on two relevant professional associations – the Accredited Certifiers Association and the International Organic Inspectors Association. Drawing on multiple methods, including interviews and survey data, our findings indicate that professional organic certification associations provide valuable education and training, disseminate information, and facilitate knowledge sharing among administrative entities and with regulatory authorities. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects and limitations of professional associations for third‐party regulation, and how accounting for professional association functions can improve our understanding of regulatory intermediary coordination and conduct.     

Opaque transparency: How material affordances shape intermediary work

How do the material aspects of intermediary work affect regulators, targets, and beneficiaries? To shed light on this question, we studied an information intermediary in the form of a website and the organizations who founded it. Specifically, we analyzed FracFocus, a self‐regulatory initiative with strong industry ties, charged with disclosing data pertaining to the chemicals used in oil and gas wells completed using hydraulic fracturing technology (fracking) in the United States and Canada. We found that between 2010 and mid‐2017, the vast majority of legislation in states and provinces where fracking actively occurred was updated to mandate or encourage disclosure via FracFocus, meaning that it had a considerable effect on the trajectory of official regulation on fracking disclosure. We also found that FracFocus disclosed important data but did so in a manner that limited accessibility and reduced the comprehensibility of environmental and public health risks to beneficiaries. Our analysis suggests that the public's experience of such a device is one of opaque transparency, in which the line between official and non‐official regulation is blurred. We traced these outcomes to the material affordances created by FracFocus.     

论和谐社会视野下的“无直接利益冲突”

在构建和谐社会的背景下解读“无直接利益冲突”这一社会矛盾的新形式,我们不难发现,它对于推动我国的民主化进程、维护社会的长期稳定、促进社会和谐,既有消极的作用,也有积极的影响.正视这一客观事实,积极预防、理性对待、妥善处置“无直接利益冲突”,对于构建社会主义和谐社会具有特殊的意义.     

旅游影响下滇西北民族社区传统生态文化变迁机制研究

旅游对目的地文化变迁的影响已有较多研究,但由于案例地的特殊性,缺乏比较研究的基础。以滇西北三个民族社区为案例,对当地在旅游发展过程中呈现出的不同的生态文化变迁形态进行了比较性解读。研究发现,位处旅游地生命周期的不同阶段、面对不同的客源市场,以及不同的文化借用方式,是导致各社区生态文化变迁形态迥异的主要原因。研究将有助于在民族社区旅游发展与传统生态文化保护之间探索一条良性互动的发展路径。     

市场型金融创新法律监管路径的反思与超越

市场型金融创新凸显了规范与现实之间的冲突。无论是选择性监管路径,还是规则扩张式监管路径,抑或是以监管沙箱为代表的实验式监管路径,都不能很好地解决该冲突。以上三种路径,都是在“术”的层面上展开。为了超越以上三种路径,我国应在“道”的层面上进行理念与制度完善,即我国需要完善金融法治基础,建构金融法治哲学,制定《金融法典》或《金融法总则》,创新金融法的更新机制,创建市场型金融创新合法性裁定制度,完善市场型金融创新的法律责任,以便进一步提升我国对市场型金融创新监管的法治化水平。     

手机上网对青少年的影响及应对措施

当计算机互联网作为＂第四媒体＂方兴未艾时,以手机上网为平台的＂第五媒体＂——手机互联网悄然兴起。手机网民中青少年群体占主体。文章从分析手机互联网对青少年产生的影响入手,提出应从互联网管理、宣传教育、网德培养等方面进行应对,减少或避免手机互联网对青少年的负面影响。     

浅谈趣缘群体对青少年的影响及引导措施

趣缘群体对青少年的成长成才有重要影响。文章从趣缘群体的定义及特点出发，分析其对青少年的正面及负面影响，并就负面影响提出了引导青少年合理参与趣缘群体的各种措施。     

信息不确定条件下的外交调研 ——从突发事件和热点问题的调研说起

突发事件起因复杂,前景难测,这为外交调研带来了信息不确定的困难.从广义方面说,几乎各种类型的外交调研都是在信息不确定的条件下进行的,这就需要外交人员学习在信息不确定条件下的调研方法.本文通过分析信息推理法、归谬法和综合法,为新中国外交界部分成功的经验进行了归纳和总结,并就如何克服调研工作中可能遇到的干扰提出了一些解决办法.