推进共同富裕取得实质性进展的路径探析

“共同富裕”思想贯穿于中国共产党的百年奋斗历程,实现共同富裕是中国共产党自成立之日起持续不断的奋斗方向。本研究以共同富裕的理论与实践探索为基础,立足历史、现实与时代,旨在把握实现共同富裕的价值意蕴,探讨在中国特色社会主义新时代实现共同富裕的可行路径。为实现共同富裕,党和国家接续奋斗、砥砺前行,团结带领人民积极探索、开拓实践,在理论、制度、政策方面取得了丰硕成果。步入新时代,我们已向着实现第二个百年奋斗目标迈进,实现共同富裕的时代意义和战略意义愈加凸显。研究认为,为在新时代新征程上实现共同富裕,必须做好战略决策:坚持中国共产党的领导是前提,解决相对贫困问题是关键,扎实推动高质量发展是核心,建设高质量教育体系是保障。     

美好生活的社会保护水准:社会政策体系中基本生活需要标准的建构

基本生活需要保障是我国不断满足人民美好生活需要的基础。构建基本生活需要标准,关键在于瞄准相对贫困目标、构建福利认证标准和消除社会排斥状态。基于人类需要理论和国外基本需要战略等相关研究,应以民生保障、适度普惠、多维满足和防止伤害等为具体目标,建构起具有中国特色的基本生活需要标准。这一标准分为最低标准和适当标准两个层次,包括收入、医疗、教育、住房和照料五个维度的货币指标和非货币指标。以"美好生活"为核心的新时代社会政策体系要在全面性与协调性、主动性与精准性、适度性与发展性三个方向着力保障人民基本生活需要,从消除绝对贫困走向解决相对贫困。     

论丧失继承权的恢复

继承权恢复制度是和继承权丧失紧密相连的。继承人由于不当行为被剥夺继承资格后,依据继承资格能否恢复分为继承权绝对丧失和继承权相对丧失两种。我国《继承法》采取的是继承权绝对丧失与相对丧失并存的立法模式,并且决定绝对丧失和相对丧失的根据是继承人行为的恶劣程度扣危害性。继承权是一种私法上的权利,丧失的继承权能否恢复应该由被继承人决定。     

Gender,Ethnicity, and Education as Privileges: Exploring the Generalizability of the Existential Guilt Reaction

Two cross-sectional questionnaire studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous research on the existential guilt reaction. In Study I, gender was considered as a privilege. Male student participants (N = 141) were confronted with the low proportion of women in high-ranking positions and asked to appraise this situation. Self-reported behavior, behavioral intentions, and appeal to authorities aimed at advancing equal opportunities for both genders served as criterion variables. Path analyses were performed to explore the correlation structure among the variables. Self-reported behavior depended most strongly on behavioral intentions and on belief in control. Behavioral intentions depended most strongly on existential guilt. This effect accords to previous existential guilt research. Ethnicity and education were considered as privileges in Study II. Privileged Paraguayan students (N = 80) were confronted with the disadvantageous living conditions of Indians and Campesinos. They were asked to appraise the situation. Behavioral intentions and appeal to authorities directed at improving the living conditions of Indians and Campesinos served as criteria. As in Study I, existential guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions. Study II revealed the role of values in the process of existential guilt and prosocial behavior. This is a new research finding. Indirect effects of the two values of universalism and benevolence on behavioral intentions were obtained. The effect of universalism was mediated by existential guilt and moral outrage, the effect of benevolence was mediated by injustice and existential guilt. Tradition had a negative indirect effect on behavioral intentions. This effect was mediated by justification of deprivation and probably means that adherence to tradition eases the justification of traditionally existing social inequalities in a society.     

诉讼证明理论中的四组相对概念之辨正

法律事实是个既有歧义又不必要的概念。客观真实说作为关于证明标准的观点和关于证明评价标准的观点都是不成立的,不具有现实的程序意义,法律真实则是多余并且不成立的伪概念。诉讼证明中的所谓绝对真实与相对真实与认识论意义上的绝对真理与相对真理不可相提并论。对形式真实与实质真实应作为关于真实的发现的相对的程序原则来理解,形式真实主义的实质是承认当事人自身意志的有效性,实质真实主义的实质是不承认当事人自身意志的有效性。     

The Relationship Between Deprivation and Forensic Material Recovered from Stolen Vehicles: Is it Affected by Vehicle Condition and Tidiness?

Previous research has shown that as crime scene location deprivation increases (lower socioeconomic status), the recovery of forensic material, principally DNA and fingerprints, also increases. However, this increase does not result in more crimes being solved by forensic means. In this study, we analyze stolen vehicle data and find a statistically significant positive association between deprivation and the amount of forensic material that matched either the victim or an associate of the victim on a criminal database. The nature of this association was investigated further by inspecting recovered stolen vehicles to establish whether the condition of a stolen vehicle and the tidiness of its interior influenced the recovery of forensic material that was attributed to the victim or an associate. Contradictory results suggest that other factors may contribute to understanding the association between the recovery of victim- or associate-attributable forensic material and crime scene location deprivation.     

民法解释学的发展与相对所有权观念的解释论应用

所有权理论发展的每一步都伴随着民法解释学的推动,而民法解释学所经历的不同发展阶段,正是基于实用法学的出发点——如何能动地解释和发展法学理论以解决现实中存在的问题——而出现的。但是民法解释学要发挥其对理论的推动作用,也需要借助于民法理论的质变,仅仅是民法解释学本身所能起到的作用是有限的。在修正的绝对所有权的阶段,民法解释学不断地突破绝对所有权观念的限制,当绝对所有权观念基本上被打破的时候,必须有一个新的所有权观念来支撑所有权理论的进一步发展,这种理论就是相对所有权观念所负载的民法理论。     

农民土地维权行动方式考察及法律对策研究

在评析国内外农民土地维权三种观点基础上,认为＂日常抵抗＂、＂依法抗争＂、＂以法抗争＂三种理论模型均存在一定的缺陷,认为就农民阶层的行为动力层面考察,相对剥夺理论更具价值与逻辑双向解释力。根据该理论,主张中国乡村地权的残缺以及法律的倾斜,导致失地农民阶层谈判能力缺失或被削弱,当上访与司法救济均呈现为低效应时,失地农民往往倾向于选择群体性维权路径,以追求维权行动的有效性与利益的最大化,在此基础上进而提出农村土地国有化,土地法权模型趋向开放性,简单化方向发展为解决困局的可能之路。     

贫困与相对贫困：影响青少年越轨与犯罪的因素

贫困不是青少年越轨和犯罪的必然原因,因贫困产生的社会问题和主体变异却是青少年越轨和犯罪的重要原因。在社会转型期,最大限度地实现社会公平,并形成健康的社会心理环境,是预防青少年越轨与犯罪的关键因素。