The Past,Present, and Future of Mediation as Seen through the Eyes of Some of Its Founders

This article is drawn from interviews with thirty‐one of mediation's “founders,” those pioneers who began mediating in the 1970s and 1980s, when the field was young. They describe what first attracted them to mediation and why they have remained active in the field. Some told us that they have found it to be both intellectually challenging and interpersonally satisfying to assist disputing parties in their search for a mutually acceptable resolution they could not find on their own. Others see mediation's collaborative approach to decision making as a means of bringing about social and political change that might be otherwise unattainable. The mediators also described the changes they have observed since they entered the field: mediation's dramatic growth, institutionalization in the judicial system, and market domination by lawyers and retired judges. Among the concerns they expressed were the prevalence of a mediation model that focuses primarily on the legal strengths and weaknesses of each party's position, and the dollar amount that should resolve the dispute, with little interest in creative outcomes. Other concerns are a lack of quality control of mediators and trainers, and unproductive debate about whether the “correct” approach to mediation is evaluative, facilitative, or transformative. The mediators who work on public policy matters, including environmental disputes, were the most positive about the opportunity for creativity in their work, considerably more so than those mediators whose practice is primarily business/commercial. The mediators' views of the future of mediation are remarkably similar — their general sense is that the type of mediation that takes place in the shadow of the courts is likely to increase and to become even more routinized than it is at present. Several respondents told us that they also expect to see substantial growth in the use of mediation to resolve public policy issues. Many of these mediators predicted that this type of mediation is likely to be carried out by organizational insiders, rather than outside interveners. As one mediator said, “Maybe there's a new set of mediation roles for people within traditional institutions, not just for free‐standing neutrals.”     

循环经济的理论思想渊源与实践——以美、日、德、中为例

循环经济理论思想源远流长。尽管在传统的经济发展模式中,人们在生产中不考虑资源环境方面的问题,但理论上的认识早就有之,这些理论是当今推行循环经济和进一步研究循环经济理论的重要依据。目前,发展循环经济已成为世界各国的共识,美、日、德率先行动,取得了宝贵经验。进入21世纪,中国也开始走循环经济发展之路,近年来,中国在发展循环经济方面正在加大力度,并取得了可喜的成果。集中各国经验,探索崭新的循环经济发展之路,是实现人与自然和谐发展的重要保证。     

Chronicling the Complexification of Negotiation Theory and Practice

The essay reviews the content of twenty-five years of Negotiation Journal , identifying themes and issues explored on its pages in the past, the current issues challenging the field's scholars and practitioners, and the issues likely to confront us in the future. It argues that while we in the field hoped for simple, elegant, and universal theories of negotiation and conflict resolution, the last twenty-five years have demonstrated the increasing complexification of negotiation theory and practice, from increased numbers of parties and issues, and dilemmas of intertemporal commitments, ethics, accountability, and relationships of private action to public responsibility.     

浅谈网络安全建设的实践探索

在互联网日益普及的今天,Internet已经深入到我们生活的各个方面,使信息资源得到了最大程度的共享,与此同时Internet的安全问题也引起了人们的重视。我们通过加强网络共享的安全性;防范系统漏洞攻击;防范病毒和木马入侵;密码设置的有效性等措施来减少网络被侵袭破坏,是做好网络安全保护的有效手段,也是网络安全建设的重要一环。     

高校旅游管理专业实习模式优化的探索与构建

目前,旅游专业实习存在的主要问题有:实习定位不准确;缺乏权责分明、长期有效的旅游专业实习生实习制度;教育计划与专业实践教学存在矛盾;实习管理难度大等。旅游专业必须依据行业特点和要求进行准确的专业定位,通过政府、企业和学校的共同努力解决实践教学当中存在的问题,构建起旅游专业实习的优化模式。     

单因素·多因素·层次系统——中国犯罪原因研究层次30年之述评

改革开放30年以来,中国犯罪原因研究层次的总体发展脉络是:最早由单一因素研究开始,逐渐转入多种因素研究的阶段;多因素研究由平面的综合研究走向立体原因层次系统论的研究。从犯罪原因的单因素理论、犯罪原因的多因素理论到犯罪原因的层次系统论,概括地揭示了新中国犯罪原因论的发展史,说明了我们对犯罪原因的认识是逐步提高的,由浅入深,由片面走向全面。     

试论大学生社会实践活动的教育功能

大学生社会实践活动可以促使大学生与社会进行有机的沟通和融合,缩短大学生的社会化进程,强化对专业理论知识的重要性的认识,有助于学生树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观,促进大学生素质的全面发展.     

关于研究机构如何在推动党性修养及理想信念教育方面发挥作用的思考

从事党的历史、党的传统研究的机构，要从“老一辈革命家的生平业绩”、“老一辈革命家的思想理论”、“老一辈革命家的精神品德”三个方面加强对领导干部“增强党性、坚定理想信念”的研究和宣传。实践证明，重温中国革命的艰难历程、学习无产阶级革命家的光辉业绩、继承和发扬革命传统和革命精神，是增强党性修养、开展理想信念教育的重要途径。     

论侦查制度创新

侦查制度创新是侦查实践发展的必由之路；侦查制度创新是刑事诉讼法制改革的要求；侦查制度创新必须破除认识障碍、利益障碍、成本障碍和习惯势力障碍；侦查制度创新必须坚持实事求是的原则、与时俱进的原则、以人为本的原则和遵循法制的原则。     

刑民界说的价值分析

刑法与民法之间的界说为研究边缘法学理论提供了可能,其关系的价值论部分则是该理论的重要内容。这一研究不只是在刑事法学与民商法学之间来回穿梭,还涉足多学科领域。作为一项基础性课题,首先要从重视对它的理论架构及其材料佐证开始。对它的研究虽然主要是集中在法律分类与行为性质划分等两个方面,而其研究成果却超越了历史与现实的选择：＂诸法合一＂体系的崩溃、公法与私法理论的提出、法律价值内涵的多元现象的产生及司法救济的多样化,等等,无不与其有关。如果研究者仅仅满足于区分刑民之间的界限,却忽视了对其基础理论的研究,无疑是一种理论短视,甚至让后续的研究工作变得无意义。